Zika virus is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, especially, Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. About 80% of the cases do not manifest any symptoms, and it is a self-limiting, mild viral infection. In 20% of the cases and only in fraction of those who do show the symptoms, important complications including Guillaine Barre'syndrome and microcephaly may occur. The emergence of Zika in 2016 in Brazil spreading to about 70 other countries prompted the WHO officials to declare the disease a Public Health Emergency with International Concern (PHEIC). This has led to increased concerns in health authorities of almost all countries making them embark on the strengthened human and vector surveillance, vector control and clinical management of the disease. Although the main vectors of the disease have not yet been able to establish in Iran, because of their occurrence in neighboring countries as well as increased global travel and trade, the country established a national advisory committee for capacity building, vector and human surveillance and case management of Aedes-borne diseases. This study aims at performing a literature review about global situation of Zika and Aedes mosquitoes, their distribution, biology and ecology from the past to present and the threat posed to Iran. Aedes aegypti was historically present in the checklist of Iranian mosquitoes and Ae. albopictus has recently been collected from Southern Iran, however, the species has apparently failed to establish in the country as comprehensive follow up entomological surveillance could not reproduce the findings. Although Zika was not detected in Iran, considering the expansion in tourism, travel and trade to and from Zika infected and Aedes infested countries, suitable climate and favorable prediction for establishment of Aedes vectors, Iran may well be at risk of invasion of Aedes vector species and the diseases they carry. Therefore, this review is of value particularly to health authorities in Iran and other WHO Eastern Mediterranean countries for sustained vigilance and preparedness for early detection and response, including vector control.

寨卡病毒是由伊蚊（尤其是伊蚊）传播的。埃及和埃及。一个lbopictus。大约80％的病例没有任何症状，是一种自限性的轻度病毒感染。在20％的病例中，只有一部分表现出这种症状，这些病例可能会发生重要的并发症，包括Guillaine Barre综合征和小头畸形。2016年巴西寨卡病毒的出现蔓延到其他约70个国家，促使世卫组织官员宣布该病为国际关注的突发公共卫生事件（PHEIC）。这导致几乎所有国家的卫生当局越来越担心，使他们着手加强对该疾病的人类和病媒监测，病媒控制和临床管理。尽管该病的主要病媒尚未在伊朗确定，但由于其在邻国发生以及全球旅行和贸易增加，伊蚊传播的疾病。这项研究旨在对寨卡和伊蚊的全球情况，过去到现在的分布，生物学和生态学以及对伊朗构成的威胁进行文献综述。埃及伊蚊历史上曾出现在伊朗蚊子和伊蚊的清单中。白化病最近从伊朗南部收集，但是该物种显然未能在该国建立，因为全面的后续昆虫学监测无法重现该发现。尽管在伊朗未发现寨卡病毒，但考虑到往返于寨卡病毒和伊蚊的旅游，旅行和贸易的增长受感染的国家，合适的气候和建立伊蚊媒介的有利预测，伊朗可能极有可能入侵伊蚊媒介物种及其所携带的疾病。因此，这项审查对于伊朗和其他世卫组织东地中海国家的卫生当局特别有价值，因为它们持续保持警惕并为早期发现和应对（包括病媒控制）做好准备。