Two types of oxygen defects are created on the Fe₂O₃:Ti photoanode and their acting roles on prompting the photoelectrochemical performance are clarified. Methanol solvothermal treatment is discovered to expediently import hydroxyl oxygen on Fe₂O₃:Ti. Accordingly, the charge carrier density is multiplied and surface hydrophilicity is dramatically improved, resulting in inhibition of surface transfer recombination and enhancement of the photocurrent density. In addition, HCl hydrothermal treatment can induce surface defects with chemisorbed oxygen, which barely affects the surface hydrophobicity or the carrier density. HCl hydrothermal treatment behaves on promoting the charge transfer in surface states as well as suppressing the bulk charge recombination, thus moderately enhancing the photocurrent density and lowering the onset potential. By combining two treatment processes, both defects are formed simultaneously with synergistic effectiveness. In addition, the FeCoW oxy–hydroxide electrocatalyst is incorporated for further accelerating the surface charge transfer. As a result, by compositing the strategies of methanol solvothermal, HCl hydrothermal, and FeCoW deposition, the photocurrent density of Fe₂O₃:Ti photoanode is significantly enhanced to 3.0 mA cm⁻² at 1.23 V_RHE with an onset potential of as low as 0.67 V_RHE.

Fe ₂ O ₃：Ti光电阳极上产生了两种类型的氧缺陷，并阐明了它们在促进光电化学性能方面的作用。发现甲醇溶剂热处理可方便地将羟基氧导入Fe ₂ O _3上：钛 因此，电荷载流子密度倍增，表面亲水性显着提高，导致抑制了表面转移复合并提高了光电流密度。此外，HCl水热处理会导致化学吸附的氧气产生表面缺陷，而这些缺陷几乎不会影响表面疏水性或载流子密度。HCl水热处理的作用是促进表面状态下的电荷转移以及抑制体电荷的复合，从而适度提高光电流密度并降低启动电位。通过组合两种处理工艺，可以同时形成两个缺陷，并具有协同作用。此外，还加入了FeCoW羟基氧化氢电催化剂，以进一步加速表面电荷转移。结果是，₂ O ₃：Ti光电阳极在1.23 V _RHE时显着增强至3.0 mA cm ^-2，其起始电势低至0.67 V _RHE。