High serum fatty acid (FA) levels are causally linked to the development of insulin resistance, which eventually progresses to type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) generalized in the term metabolic syndrome. Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) is the initial enzyme in the hydrolysis of intracellular triacylglycerol (TG) stores, liberating fatty acids that are released from adipocytes into the circulation. Hence, ATGL-specific inhibitors have the potential to lower circulating FA concentrations, and counteract the development of insulin resistance and NAFLD. In this article, we report about structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies of small molecule inhibitors of murine ATGL which led to the development of Atglistatin. Atglistatin is a specific inhibitor of murine ATGL, which has proven useful for the validation of ATGL as a potential drug target.

高血清脂肪酸（FA）水平与胰岛素抵抗的发展存在因果关系，胰岛素抵抗最终发展为2型糖尿病和在代谢综合征中普遍存在的非酒精性脂肪肝疾病（NAFLD）。甘油三酸酯脂肪酶（ATGL）是细胞内三酰基甘油（TG）储存液水解的初始酶，可释放从脂肪细胞释放到循环中的脂肪酸。因此，ATGL特异性抑制剂具有降低循环FA浓度并抵消胰岛素抵抗和NAFLD发生的潜力。在本文中，我们报告了鼠ATGL的小分子抑制剂的结构-活性关系（SAR）研究，该研究导致Atglistatin的发展。Atglistatin是鼠ATGL的特异性抑制剂，