Modern systems comprise hardware and software components that together provide value through enabling the functionality that the system is intended to provide. Systems engineering (SE) and software engineering (SwE) are therefore interdependent, tightly coupled, and complementary activities that must be carefully aligned and coordinated throughout the system development process. Yet, these two disciplines have historically grown quite separated from each other, with too little interaction and mutual learning. In this work, we develop and evaluate Object-Process Programming (OPP) as a proof-of-concept for a common framework that integrates SE and SwE based on ISO 19450—Object-Process Methodology. The ability of designers to use the same paradigm for engineering the software, the hardware, and the system as a whole, using the same concepts and principles and the same design environment, described and discussed in this work, is a major step towards the integration and streamlining of engineering new systems that feature significant hardware and software components. To evaluate OPP, we established a focus group and conducted an experiment in which participants were asked to develop systems using OPP. Overall, the results were positive in terms of usability and understandability. In particular, the language and the environment were far superior in comparison to textual languages. OPP will contribute to the continuous endeavor to bridge the gap between SE and SwE by providing a seamless, easy-to-learn environment. Non-technical stakeholders can also benefit from OPP by improving their communication with technical stakeholders. The ideas underlying OPP have already served to augment OPM with computational capabilities.

现代系统包括硬件和软件组件，它们通过启用系统打算提供的功能共同提供价值。因此，系统工程（SE）和软件工程（SwE）是相互依赖，紧密耦合和互补的活动，必须在整个系统开发过程中仔细进行调整和协调。然而，这两个学科在历史上已经发展得彼此分离，彼此之间的互动和相互学习很少。在这项工作中，我们开发和评估对象过程编程（OPP），以作为基于ISO 19450-对象过程方法论的集成SE和SwE的通用框架的概念验证。设计者能够使用相同的范例来对软件，硬件和整个系统进行工程设计，使用本工作中描述和讨论的相同概念和原理以及相同设计环境，是朝着集成和简化具有重要硬件和软件组件的工程新系统迈出的重要一步。为了评估OPP，我们成立了一个焦点小组并进行了一项实验，要求参与者使用OPP开发系统。总体而言，就可用性和可理解性而言，结果是积极的。特别是与文字语言相比，语言和环境要优越得多。OPP将通过提供一个无缝的，易于学习的环境，为弥合SE和SwE之间的鸿沟做出持续的努力。非技术利益相关者也可以通过改善与技术利益相关者的沟通来从OPP中受益。