A short period of exterior door opening in residential houses is usually not considered an important energy loss during the heating season. However, in the case of a passive house, this infiltration could be an important item within the heating energy calculation procedure. In this paper, the influence of exterior door opening on heating consumption in residential houses with high energy efficiency (passive houses) was investigated. In the EnergyPlus software, the model of a passive house with an associated heating system that includes a ground-source heat pump, radiant floor heaters, and energy recovery ventilator is developed. The thermal behaviour of the house in real weather conditions (city of Kragujevac, Serbia, latitude of 44.02° N, longitude of 20.92° E) was simulated for the defined times and periods of exterior door opening. The periods of door opening ranged from 0 to 16 min per day. The house with and without an energy recovery ventilator was investigated. The results show that the heating consumption of the passive house increases by 5.6% (from 2421.7 to 2557.6 kWh/a) in just 2 min of exterior door opening during the day. For the house without the energy recovery system, this increase is 2.3% (from 5400.3 to 5524.6 kWh/a) for the same period of opened doors. If the energy consumption of the passive house is measured based on the energy consumed by the heat pump compressor instead of on the energy transferred by the heat pump condenser, the defined energy consumption increases are 6.7% (from 866.4 to 924.6 kWh/a) and 2.6% (from 1987.6 to 2039.8 kWh/a) for the house with and without the energy recovery system, respectively. If the period of door opening is extended up to 16 min per day, the heating consumption of the passive house can increase up to 41.7% (from 2421.7 to 3431.8 kWh/a). The obtained results lead to the conclusion that special attention must be paid to the unavoidable occurrence of the exterior door opening of passive and low-energy houses, as well as to the ways to reduce this influence.

中文翻译：

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外门开度对被动式住宅采暖量的影响

在供暖季节，通常不认为在住宅中短期打开外门会造成重要的能量损失。但是，对于被动式房屋，这种渗透可能是热能计算程序中的重要内容。本文研究了外门开启对高能效住宅（被动房）供暖能耗的影响。在EnergyPlus软件中，开发了带有相关供暖系统的被动房模型，该供暖系统包括地源热泵，辐射式地面加热器和能量回收通风机。模拟了房屋在实际天气条件下的热行为（塞尔维亚克拉格耶瓦茨市，北纬44.02°，东经20.92°），用于确定外门打开的时间和期限。每天的开门时间为0到16分钟。研究了有无能量回收通风机的房屋。结果表明，白天仅在2分钟的时间内，被动房的热能消耗增加了5.6％（从2421.7到2557.6 kWh / a）。对于没有能源回收系统的房屋，在同一时间打开门的情况下，这一增长为2.3％（从5400.3 kWh / a到5524.6 kWh / a）。如果被动房的能耗是根据热泵压缩机的能耗而不是热泵冷凝器传递的能量来衡量的，则定义的能耗增长为6.7％（从866.4 kWh / a至924.6 kWh / a），并且带和不带能量回收系统的房屋分别为2.6％（从1987.6到2039.8 kWh / a）。如果将开门时间延长到每天16分钟，则被动式房屋的供暖能耗可能会增加41.7％（从2421.7到3431.8 kWh / a）。获得的结果得出这样的结论：必须特别注意被动和低能耗房屋的外门开口的不可避免的发生，以及减少这种影响的方法。