High rates of mental distress, mental illness, and the associated physical effects of psychological injury experienced by ambulance personnel has been widely reported in quantitative research. However, there is limited understanding of how the nature of ambulance work contributes to this problem, the significant large toll that emergency medical response takes on the individual, and particularly about late and cumulative development of work-related distress among this first responder workforce. This study examined peer-reviewed qualitative research published from 2000 to 2018 to outline the effect of emergency medical response work on the psychological, psychosocial, and physical health of paramedics, ambulance officers, ambulance volunteers, and call-takers. Databases searched included: Ovid Medline, CINAHL, Ovid EMcare, PsychInfo and Scopus. The systematic review was organised around five key areas: impact of the work on psychological wellbeing; impact of psychological stress on physical wellbeing; how work-related well-being needs were articulated; effects of workflow and the nature of the work on well-being; and, effects of organisational structures on psychological and physical well-being. Thirty-nine articles met the eligibility criteria. Several factors present in the day-to-day work of ambulance personnel, and in how organisational management acknowledge and respond, were identified as being significant and contributing to mental health and well-being, or increasing the risk for developing conditions such as PTSD, depression, and anxiety. Ambulance personnel articulated their well-being needs across four key areas: organisational support; informal support; use of humour; and individual mechanisms to cope such as detachment and external supports. Interactions between critical incidents and workplace culture and demands have an overwhelming impact on the psychological, physical and social well-being of ambulance personnel. These include day-to-day managerial actions and responses, the impact of shift work, poorly-managed rosters, and long hours of work with little time between for recovery. Mental health issues result from exposure to traumatic events, and the way managers and peers respond to worker distress. Ambulance personnel suffering from work-related stress feel abandoned by peers, management, and the service, during illness, in return-to-work, and post-retirement. Policy, programmes and interventions, and education need to occur at an individual, peer, organisational, and government level.

中文翻译：

---

紧急医疗服务工作对救护人员心理、身体和社会福祉的影响：定性研究的系统回顾。


定量研究广泛报道了救护人员遭受精神困扰、精神疾病以及心理伤害所带来的相关身体影响的高比例。然而，人们对救护车工作的性质如何导致这一问题、紧急医疗响应对个人造成的巨大损失，特别是对急救人员中与工作相关的痛苦的后期和累积发展的了解有限。这项研究审查了 2000 年至 2018 年发表的同行评审定性研究，概述了紧急医疗响应工作对护理人员、救护人员、救护车志愿者和接线员的心理、社会心理和身体健康的影响。检索的数据库包括：Ovid Medline、CINAHL、Ovid EMcare、PsychInfo 和 Scopus。系统审查围绕五个关键领域进行：工作对心理健康的影响；心理压力对身体健康的影响；如何表达与工作相关的福祉需求；工作流程和工作性质对幸福感的影响；以及组织结构对心理和身体健康的影响。三十九篇文章符合资格标准。救护人员日常工作中存在的几个因素，以及组织管理层如何认识和应对的因素，被认为是重要的，有助于心理健康和福祉，或增加患上创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 等疾病的风险，抑郁和焦虑。救护人员在四个关键领域阐明了他们的福祉需求：组织支持；非正式支持；运用幽默；以及单独的应对机制，例如脱离和外部支持。 重大事件与工作场所文化和需求之间的相互作用对救护人员的心理、身体和社会福祉产生压倒性的影响。其中包括日常管理行动和应对措施、轮班工作的影响、轮班管理不善、工作时间长且恢复时间短等。心理健康问题是由经历创伤性事件以及管理者和同事对工人痛苦的反应方式造成的。承受工作相关压力的救护人员在生病期间、重返工作岗位和退休后会感到被同事、管理层和服务人员抛弃。政策、计划和干预措施以及教育需要在个人、同伴、组织和政府层面上进行。