BACKGROUND:Long non-coding ribonucleic acids (lncRNAs) have been linked to many important biological processes, including fruit ripening. “Fengzao” is an early-ripening bud mutant of “Kyoho” that matures nearly 30 days earlier. However, the molecular networks controlling early ripening in Fengzao are still poorly understood in comparison to those in Kyoho. OBJECTIVE:The aim of the study was to gain a better understanding of the regulatory role of lncRNAs in the early ripening of grape berries. METHODS:The RNA-sequencing approach and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction validation were employed to identify lncRNAs and profile their expression patterns during berry development. RESULTS:In total, 24726 lncRNAs were identified, of which 19699 were differentially expressed (DE-lncRNAs) between developmental stages. The target genes of these lncRNAs and their regulatory relationships were predicted. The oxidoreductase activity, plant–pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal transduction, and flavanol biosynthesis pathways were enriched in the target genes of DE-lncRNAs, and six key lncRNAs (TCONS_00221683, TCONS_00684459, TCONS_00022149, TCONS_00167247, TCONS_00258125, and TCONS_00261813) were identified that may regulate the early ripening of grape berries. CONCLUSIONS:The results contribute to the understanding of the role of lncRNAs in early ripening of grape berries and will provide new insights for molecular breeding of grapes.

中文翻译：

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全基因组范围内鉴定和鉴定葡萄果实成熟的长非编码RNA的特征

背景：长非编码核糖核酸（lncRNA）已与许多重要的生物学过程相关，包括果实成熟。“ Fengzao”是“ Kyoho”的早熟芽突变体，已近30天成熟。然而，与巨峰相比，控制丰枣早熟的分子网络仍然知之甚少。目的：本研究旨在更好地了解lncRNA在葡萄浆果早期成熟中的调控作用。方法：采用RNA测序方法和定量实时聚合酶链反应验证方法来鉴定lncRNA，并分析其在浆果发育过程中的表达模式。结果：总共鉴定出24726个lncRNA，其中19699个在发育阶段之间差异表达（DE-lncRNA）。这些lncRNA的靶基因及其调控关系进行了预测。DE-lncRNA的靶基因丰富了氧化还原酶活性，植物-病原体相互作用，植物激素信号转导和黄烷醇生物合成途径，并鉴定了六个关键的lncRNA（TCONS_00221683，TCONS_00684459，TCONS_00022149，TCONS_00167247，TCONS_00258125和TC618）可能会调节葡萄浆果的早期成熟。结论：研究结果有助于人们了解lncRNA在葡萄浆果早熟中的作用，并将为葡萄分子育种提供新的见识。和黄烷醇的生物合成途径在DE-lncRNA的靶基因中富集，并鉴定了6个关键的lncRNA（TCONS_00221683，TCONS_00684459，TCONS_00022149，TCONS_00167247，TCONS_00258125和TCONS_00261813），它们可以调节葡萄浆果的早期成熟。结论：研究结果有助于人们了解lncRNA在葡萄浆果早熟中的作用，并将为葡萄分子育种提供新的见解。和黄烷醇的生物合成途径在DE-lncRNA的靶基因中富集，并鉴定了6个关键的lncRNA（TCONS_00221683，TCONS_00684459，TCONS_00022149，TCONS_00167247，TCONS_00258125和TCONS_00261813），它们可以调节葡萄浆果的早期成熟。结论：研究结果有助于人们了解lncRNA在葡萄浆果早熟中的作用，并将为葡萄分子育种提供新的见解。