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Ontology Building for Cyber–Physical Systems: Application in the Manufacturing Domain
IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering ( IF 5.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-20 , DOI: 10.1109/tase.2020.2991777
Constantin Hildebrandt , Aljosha Kocher , Christof Kustner , Carlos-Manuel Lopez-Enriquez , Andreas W. Muller , Birte Caesar , Claas Steffen Gundlach , Alexander Fay

Cyber–physical systems (CPSs) in the manufacturing domain can be deployed to support monitoring and analysis of production systems of a factory in order to improve, support, or automate processes, such as maintenance or scheduling. When a network of CPS is subject to frequent changes, the semantic interoperability between the CPSs is of special interest in order to avoid manual, tedious, and error-prone information model alignments at runtime. Ontologies are a suitable technology to enable semantic interoperability, as they allow the building of information models that lank machine-readable meaning to information, thus enabling CPSs to mutually understand the shared information. The contribution of this article is twofold. First, we present an ontology building method that is tailored toward the needs of CPSs in the manufacturing domain. For this purpose, we introduce the requirements regarding this method and discuss related research concerning ontology building. The method itself is designed to begin with ontological requirements and to yield a formal ontology. As the reuse of ontologies and other information resources (IRs) is crucial to the success of ontology building projects, we put special emphasis on how to reuse IRs in the CPS domain. Second, we present a reusable set of ontology design patterns that have been developed with the aforementioned method in an industrial use case and illustrate their application in the considered industrial environment. The contribution of this article extends the method introduced, as a postconference paper, by a detailed industrial application. Note to Practitioners —With growing digitalization in industry, the exchange and use of manufacturing-related data are becoming increasingly important to improve, support, or automate processes. Thus, it is necessary to combine information from different data sources that have been designed by different vendors and may, therefore, be heterogeneous in structure and semantics. A system that plans a maintenance worker’s daily schedule, for instance, requires information about the status of machines, production plans, and inventory, which resides in other systems, such as programmable logic controllers (PLCs) or databases. When creating such information systems, accessing, searching, and understanding the different data sources is a time-intensive and error-prone procedure due to the heterogeneities of the data sources. Even worse, this procedure has to be repeated for every newly built system and for every newly introduced data source. To allow for eased access, searching, and understanding of these heterogeneous data sources, ontology can be used to integrate all heterogeneous data sources in one schema. This article contributes a method for building such ontologies in the manufacturing domain. Furthermore, a set of ontology design patterns is presented, which can be reused when building ontologies for a domain.

中文翻译:

网络物理系统的本体构建:在制造领域中的应用

可以部署制造领域的网络物理系统(CPS)以支持对工厂生产系统的监视和分析,以改善,支持或自动化过程,例如维护或调度。当CPS的网络频繁变化时,CPS之间的语义互操作性特别受关注,以避免在运行时手动,繁琐且易于出错的信息模型对齐。本体是一种实现语义互操作性的合适技术,因为它们允许建立将机器可读含义赋予信息的信息模型,从而使CPS能够相互理解共享的信息。本文的贡献是双重的。首先,我们提出一种针对制造领域中CPS需求量身定制的本体构建方法。为此,我们介绍了有关此方法的要求,并讨论了有关本体构建的相关研究。该方法本身旨在从本体要求开始,并产生正式的本体。由于本体和其他信息资源(IR)的重用对于本体构建项目的成功至关重要,因此我们特别强调如何在CPS域中重用IR。其次,我们提出了一套可重用的本体设计模式,这些本体设计模式已通过上述方法在工业用例中开发,并说明了它们在考虑的工业环境中的应用。本文的贡献扩展了作为会议后论文引入的详细工业应用方法。我们介绍了这种方法的要求,并讨论了有关本体构建的相关研究。该方法本身旨在从本体要求开始,并产生正式的本体。由于本体和其他信息资源(IR)的重用对于本体构建项目的成功至关重要,因此我们特别强调如何在CPS域中重用IR。其次,我们提出了一套可重用的本体设计模式,这些模式已经在工业用例中使用上述方法开发,并说明了它们在考虑的工业环境中的应用。本文的贡献扩展了作为会议后论文引入的详细工业应用方法。我们介绍了这种方法的要求,并讨论了有关本体构建的相关研究。该方法本身旨在从本体要求开始,并产生正式的本体。由于本体和其他信息资源(IR)的重用对于本体构建项目的成功至关重要,因此我们特别强调如何在CPS域中重用IR。其次,我们提出了一套可重用的本体设计模式,这些本体设计模式已通过上述方法在工业用例中开发,并说明了它们在考虑的工业环境中的应用。本文的贡献扩展了作为会议后论文引入的详细工业应用方法。该方法本身旨在从本体要求开始,并产生正式的本体。由于本体和其他信息资源(IR)的重用对于本体构建项目的成功至关重要,因此我们特别强调如何在CPS域中重用IR。其次,我们提出了一套可重用的本体设计模式,这些本体设计模式已通过上述方法在工业用例中开发,并说明了它们在考虑的工业环境中的应用。本文的贡献扩展了作为会议后论文引入的详细工业应用方法。该方法本身旨在从本体要求开始,并产生正式的本体。由于本体和其他信息资源(IR)的重用对于本体构建项目的成功至关重要,因此我们特别强调如何在CPS域中重用IR。其次,我们提出了一套可重用的本体设计模式,这些本体设计模式已通过上述方法在工业用例中开发,并说明了它们在考虑的工业环境中的应用。本文的贡献扩展了作为会议后论文引入的详细工业应用方法。我们提供了一套可重复使用的本体设计模式,这些本体设计模式已通过上述方法在工业用例中开发,并说明了它们在考虑的工业环境中的应用。本文的贡献扩展了作为会议后论文引入的详细工业应用方法。我们提供了一套可重复使用的本体设计模式,这些本体设计模式已通过上述方法在工业用例中开发,并说明了它们在考虑的工业环境中的应用。本文的贡献扩展了作为会议后论文引入的详细工业应用方法。执业者注意 随着工业数字化的发展,与制造相关的数据的交换和使用对于改善,支持或自动化流程变得越来越重要。因此,有必要组合来自不同供应商设计的来自不同数据源的信息,因此,它们在结构和语义上可能是异构的。例如,计划维护人员日常计划的系统需要有关机器状态,生产计划和库存状态的信息,这些信息位于其他系统中,例如可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)或数据库。创建此类信息系统时,由于数据源的异构性,访问,搜索和理解不同的数据源是一项耗时且容易出错的过程。更糟,对于每个新建系统和每个新引入的数据源,都必须重复此过程。为了简化对这些异构数据源的访问,搜索和理解,可以使用本体将所有异构数据源集成在一个架构中。本文提供了一种在制造领域中构建此类本体的方法。此外,提出了一组本体设计模式,可以在为某个领域构建本体时重用它们。
更新日期:2020-07-03
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