The receiver is a signal receiving device in a radio telescope system. As an important parameter to characterize the receiver performance, noise temperature is very practical to calibrate accurately. The traditional receiver noise temperature calibration method is the cold and ambient load method. Through the establishment of K-band ambient receiver, and its amplitude calibration test platform of the cold and ambient load method, chopper wheel method, and ambient and hot load method, comparison and analysis of the above three methods were carried out. The test and calculation results show that the test accuracy of the cold and ambient load method is about 1.3%, that of the chopper wheel method (nonlow elevation) is about 3%, and that of the ambient and hot load method is about 9%. The test accuracy of the ambient and hot load method is slightly lower than that of the above two methods. The analysis is mainly due to the uncertainty of the hot load temperature and the small temperature difference between the two loads, which leads to the deterioration of the overall accuracy. But the advantage is that the method can perform real-time calibration in the process of observation, and it is easier to implement than the traditional cold and ambient load method. The results of noise temperature measurement are compared with those of theoretical calculation, the error is basically within 10%, and it can satisfy the demand of the noise temperature test. In the future, we expect that on the basis of increasing the hot load temperature, further experiments were carried out on the thermostatic treatment of hot load and the accuracy of temperature acquisition, and finally we hope that this method can better meet the testing requirements of receiver noise temperature and radio source amplitude calibration.

中文翻译：

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厘米波段接收机幅度校准方法的分析与研究

接收器是射电望远镜系统中的信号接收设备。作为表征接收机性能的重要参数，噪声温度对于精确校准非常实用。传统的接收机噪声温度校准方法是冷负载和环境负载方法。通过建立K波段环境接收器及其冷，环境负荷法，斩波轮法，环境及热负荷法的幅度标定测试平台，对以上三种方法进行了比较分析。测试和计算结果表明，冷和环境载荷法的测试精度约为1.3％，斩波轮方法（非低海拔）的测试精度约为3％，环境和热载荷法的测试精度约为9％ 。环境负荷法和热负荷法的测试精度略低于上述两种方法。分析主要是由于热负载温度的不确定性和两个负载之间的温差小，导致整体精度降低。但优点是该方法可以在观测过程中进行实时校准，比传统的冷，环境负荷法更易于实现。将噪声温度测量结果与理论计算结果进行比较，误差基本在10％以内，可以满足噪声温度测试的要求。未来，我们希望在提高热负荷温度的基础上，