Silicon suboxide (SiO_x) is one of the most promising anodes for the next-generation high-power lithium-ion batteries because of its higher lithium storage capacity than current commercial graphite, relatively smaller volume variations than pure silicon, and appropriate working potential. However, the high cost, poor cycling stability, and rate capability hampered its industrial applications due to its complex production process, volume changes during Li⁺ insertion/extraction, and low conductivity. Herein, a low-cost and high-capacity SiO_x/C@graphite (SCG) hybrid was designed and synthesized by a facile one-pot carbonization/hydrogen reduction process of the rice husk and graphite. As an advanced anode for lithium-ion batteries, the SiO_x/C@graphite hybrid delivers a high reversible capacity with significantly enhanced cycling stability (842 mAh g^–1 after 300 cycles at 0.5 A g^–1) and rate capability (562 mAh g^–1 after 300 cycles at 1 A g^–1). The great improvement in performances could be attributed to the positive synergistic effect of SiO_x nanoparticles as lithium storage active materials, the in situ-formed carbon matrix network derived from biomass functioning as an efficient three-dimensional conductive network and spacer to improve the rate capability and buffer the volume changes, and graphite as a conductor to further improve the rate capabilities and cycling stability by increasing the conductivity. The low-cost and high-capacity SCG derived from rice husk synthesized by a facile, scalable synthetic method turns out to be a promising anode for the next-generation high-power lithium-ion batteries.

中文翻译：

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一种低成本，高容量的SiO x / C @石墨混合体，作为大功率锂离子电池的高级阳极。

氧化硅（SiO _x）是下一代大功率锂离子电池最有希望的阳极之一，因为它的锂存储容量比目前的商用石墨高，体积变化比纯硅要小，并且具有适当的工作潜力。然而，由于其复杂的生产过程，Li ⁺插入/萃取过程中的体积变化以及低电导率，高昂的成本，不良的循环稳定性和倍率能力阻碍了其工业应用。在本文中，通过一种简便的稻壳和石墨的一锅碳化/氢还原工艺，设计并合成了一种低成本，高容量的SiO _x / C石墨混合体。SiO _x作为锂离子电池的高级阳极/ C @石墨混合投放与显著增强循环稳定性高的可逆容量（842毫安克^-1之后，在300次循环0.5 A克^-1）和倍率性能（562毫安克^-1 1 A G 300次循环后^-1） 。性能的极大提高可归因于SiO _x的积极协同作用纳米粒子作为锂存储活性材料，源自生物质的原位形成的碳基质网络起着有效的三维导电网络和隔离物的作用，以提高倍率能力并缓冲体积变化，而石墨作为导体进一步提高倍率通过增加电导率来提高性能和循环稳定性。通过简便，可扩展的合成方法合成的，由稻壳制成的低成本，高容量的SCG被证明是下一代大功率锂离子电池的有希望的阳极。