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GAME MODEL FOR ONLINE AND OFFLINE RETAILERS UNDER BUY-ONLINE AND PICK-UP-IN-STORE MODE WITH DELIVERY COST AND RANDOM DEMAND
The ANZIAM Journal ( IF 1.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-03 , DOI: 10.1017/s1446181120000127
YING OUYANG , ZHAOMAN WAN , ZHONG WAN

Online retailers are increasingly adding buy-online and pick-up-in-store (BOPS) modes to order fulfilment. In this paper, we study a system of BOPS by developing a stochastic Nash equilibrium model with incentive compatibility constraints, where the online retailer seeks optimal online sale prices and an optimal delivery schedule in an order cycle, and the offline retailer pursues a maximal rate of sharing the profit owing to the consignment from the online retailer. By an expectation method and optimality conditions, the equilibrium model is first transformed into a system of constrained nonlinear equations. Then, by a case study and sensitivity analysis, the model is validated and the following practical insights are revealed. (I) Our method can reliably provide an equilibrium strategy for the online and offline retailers under BOPS mode, including the optimal online selling price, the optimal delivery schedule, the optimal inventory and the optimal allocation of profits. (II) Different model parameters, such as operational cost, price sensitivity coefficient, cross-sale factor, opportunity loss ratio and loss ratio of unsold goods, generate distinct impacts on the equilibrium solution and the profits of the BOPS system. (III) Optimization of the delivery schedule can generate greater consumer surplus, and makes the offline retailer share less sale profit from the online retailer, even if the total profit of the BOPS system becomes higher. (IV) Inventory subsidy is an indispensable factor to improve the applicability of the game model in BOPS mode.

中文翻译:

在线购买和店内提货模式下的线上和线下零售商的游戏模式,配送成本和随机需求

在线零售商越来越多地添加在线购买和店内提货 (BOPS) 模式来履行订单。在本文中,我们通过开发具有激励相容约束的随机纳什均衡模型来研究 BOPS 系统,其中在线零售商在订单周期中寻求最优的在线销售价格和最优的交货计划,而线下零售商则追求最大的速率分享来自在线零售商的寄售利润。通过期望方法和最优性条件,首先将平衡模型转化为有约束的非线性方程组。然后,通过案例研究和敏感性分析,对该模型进行了验证,并揭示了以下实际见解。(I) 我们的方法可以可靠地为 BOPS 模式下的线上和线下零售商提供均衡策略,包括最优在线销售价格、最优交货期、最优库存和最优利润分配。(二)不同的模型参数,如运营成本、价格敏感系数、交叉销售因子、机会损失率和未售出商品损失率等,对平衡解和BOPS系统的利润产生明显影响。(三)配送计划的优化可以产生更大的消费者剩余,即使 BOPS 系统的总利润变高,线下零售商从线上零售商那里分享的销售利润也会减少。(四)库存补贴是提高博弈模型在BOPS模式下的适用性不可或缺的因素。(二)不同的模型参数,如运营成本、价格敏感系数、交叉销售因子、机会损失率和未售出商品损失率等,对平衡解和BOPS系统的利润产生明显影响。(三)配送计划的优化可以产生更大的消费者剩余,即使 BOPS 系统的总利润变高,线下零售商从线上零售商那里分享的销售利润也会减少。(四)库存补贴是提高博弈模型在BOPS模式下的适用性不可或缺的因素。(二)不同的模型参数,如运营成本、价格敏感系数、交叉销售因子、机会损失率和未售出商品损失率等,对平衡解和BOPS系统的利润产生明显影响。(三)配送计划的优化可以产生更大的消费者剩余,即使 BOPS 系统的总利润变高,线下零售商从线上零售商那里分享的销售利润也会减少。(四)库存补贴是提高博弈模型在BOPS模式下的适用性不可或缺的因素。(三)配送计划的优化可以产生更大的消费者剩余,即使 BOPS 系统的总利润变高,线下零售商从线上零售商那里分享的销售利润也会减少。(四)库存补贴是提高博弈模型在BOPS模式下的适用性不可或缺的因素。(三)配送计划的优化可以产生更大的消费者剩余,即使 BOPS 系统的总利润变高,线下零售商从线上零售商那里分享的销售利润也会减少。(四)库存补贴是提高博弈模型在BOPS模式下的适用性不可或缺的因素。
更新日期:2020-07-03
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