The infectious disease COVID-19 has swept across the world in 2020, and it continues to cause massive losses of life and severe economic problems in all countries. Providing emergency supplies such as protective medical equipment and materials required to secure people’s livelihood is thus currently prioritized by governments. Establishing a reliable emergency logistics system is critical in this regard. This paper used the Delphi method to design a formal decision structure to assess emergency logistics system reliability (ELSR) by obtaining a consensus from a panel of experts. Assessing ELSR is a typical multiple-attribute decision making (MADM) problem, and the related MADM methods are usually on the basis of symmetry principles. A hybrid MADM model, called the Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL)-based Analytical Network Process (D-ANP), was developed to identify the critical factors influencing ELSR. An analysis of empirical evidence showed that the emergency logistics command and coordination system and the emergency material supply system play important roles in ELSR, while the emergency logistics transportation and distribution system and the emergency information system are not so important. This conclusion is different from previous research about traditional disaster emergency logistics. Moreover, the cause–effect relationships among the key factors indicated that the system of command and coordination for emergency logistics and the supply system for emergency materials should be improved. Accordingly, effective suggestions for emergency logistics services for epidemic prevention are provided in this paper. The main contributions of this paper are (1) establishing a comprehensive and systematic evaluating index of ELSR for epidemic prevention; (2) employing a kind of structured, namely D-ANP, to identify the critical factors with non-commensurable and conflicting (competing) characteristics; and (3) comparing the differences of reliable criteria between the emergency logistics of epidemic prevention and the traditional disaster emergency logistics.

中文翻译：

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使用多属性决策评估影响应急物流系统可靠性的关键因素

传染病 COVID-19 已于 2020 年席卷全球，并继续在所有国家造成巨大的生命损失和严重的经济问题。因此，目前各国政府优先提供诸如保护性医疗设备和保障民生所需的材料等应急物资。在这方面，建立可靠的应急物流系统至关重要。本文使用德尔菲法设计了一个正式的决策结构，通过获得专家小组的共识来评估应急物流系统可靠性（ELSR）。评估 ELSR 是一个典型的多属性决策 (MADM) 问题，相关的 MADM 方法通常基于对称性原则。混合 MADM 模型，称为基于决策试验和评估实验室 (DEMATEL) 的分析网络过程 (D-ANP)，旨在确定影响 ELSR 的关键因素。实证分析表明，应急物流指挥协调系统和应急物资供应系统在ELSR中发挥着重要作用，而应急物流运输配送系统和应急信息系统则不那么重要。这一结论不同于以往关于传统灾害应急物流的研究。此外，关键因素之间的因果关系表明，应完善应急物流指挥协调体系和应急物资供应体系。因此，文章提出了有效的防疫应急物流服务建议。本文的主要贡献是（1）建立了全面系统的ELSR防疫评价指标；(2)采用一种结构化的D-ANP来识别具有不可公度和冲突（竞争）特征的关键因素；（3）比较防疫应急物流与传统灾害应急物流在可靠标准上的差异。识别具有不可公度和冲突（竞争）特征的关键因素；（3）比较防疫应急物流与传统灾害应急物流在可靠标准上的差异。识别具有不可公度和冲突（竞争）特征的关键因素；（3）比较防疫应急物流与传统灾害应急物流在可靠标准上的差异。