The ecological environment is the foundation of human survival and development, and forest ecosystem nature reserves play an important role in the protection of the ecological environment. The evaluation of forest ecosystem nature reserves facilitates the formulation of relevant management policies. At present, the evaluation of the ecological environment of forest ecosystem nature reserves is mainly based on detailed evaluation of some elements of the ecological environment, rather than on a comprehensive quantitative evaluation that reflects the ecological environment in many aspects. To address this shortcoming, the quantitative evaluation indicator system of comprehensive ecological environment for forest ecosystem nature reserves was established based on the water, air, soil, and biological environments, according to the consensus on ecological environment in the past research and characteristics of the research area. The weight is still a necessary and important link in the evaluation of forest ecosystem nature reserves, but the accuracy of the weight results is difficult to get a scientific judgment. To prevent the evaluation results being influenced by weighting uncertainty, an unweighted cloud model was constructed to provide an evaluation mechanism without weight. The ecological environment evaluation was then carried out using the unweighted cloud model, taking Songshan Nature Reserve as a research area. The results show that the grades of the ecological environment of Songshan Nature Reserve are 21% excellent, 67% good, and 12% qualified, and that the state of the ecological environment is stable and performing well. The evaluation results for the grades of the environmental dimension layers are water environment > soil environment > biological environment > air environment. The study’s research results can provide theoretical support for the evaluation of forest ecosystem nature reserves, and for evaluation work in general when weights are difficult to determine or uncertain.

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基于未加权云模型的森林生态系统自然保护区生态环境评价

生态环境是人类生存和发展的基础，森林生态系统自然保护区在保护生态环境中发挥着重要作用。森林生态系统自然保护区评价有助于制定相关管理政策。目前，森林生态系统自然保护区生态环境评价主要是对生态环境的某些要素进行详细评价，而不是从多方面反映生态环境的综合定量评价。针对这一不足，建立了以水、空气、土壤、生物环境为基础的森林生态系统自然保护区综合生态环境定量评价指标体系，根据以往研究对生态环境的共识和研究区的特点。权重仍然是森林生态系统自然保护区评价中必不可少的重要环节，但权重结果的准确性难以得到科学判断。为防止评估结果受到加权不确定性的影响，构建了未加权的云模型，提供了一种无权的评估机制。以松山自然保护区为研究区，采用未加权云模型进行生态环境评价。结果表明，嵩山自然保护区生态环境优良率为21%，良好为67%，合格率为12%，生态环境状况稳定，运行良好。环境维度层级评价结果为水环境>土壤环境>生物环境>大气环境。研究成果可为森林生态系统自然保护区的评价以及权重难以确定或不确定的一般评价工作提供理论支持。