Bays are coastal environments with significant socio-economic importance, which has led to the development of human interventions in their interior that can have an important impact on the water and wave dynamics, which in turn modify their morphodynamics and water renewal capacity. In order to deepen our understanding of these impacts, numerical modeling was used in a bay in southern Spain to analyze the effect of inner harbor expansion and channel deepening, including the baroclinic and wave propagation effects, as well as variations in salinity and temperature. The results show that the deepening of the channel decreases the amplitude and speed of the tidal wave as it propagates through the bay, reducing the effects of friction and increasing the flushing time. The system evolves from convergent to a damping system that can potentially reduce the effects produced by projected sea level rise. In addition, the seasonal variability of salinity and temperature is reduced, increasing the bed shear stresses and resulting in increased turbidity that can affect the biogeochemistry of the bay. Finally, wave heights decrease along the main waterway, although the yearly-average wave energy flux is only slightly modified on the interior beaches of the bay. However, significant variations are observed during storms, which could affect the morphodynamics of these beaches.

中文翻译：

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超越人类对复杂海湾的干预：对水和波浪动力学的影响（西班牙加的斯湾研究案例）

海湾是具有重要社会经济重要性的沿海环境，这导致了人类对其内部干预的发展，这可能对水和波浪动力学产生重要影响，进而改变它们的形态动力学和水更新能力。为了加深我们对这些影响的理解，在西班牙南部的一个海湾中使用了数值模拟来分析内港扩张和航道加深的影响，包括斜压和波浪传播效应，以及盐度和温度的变化。结果表明，通道的加深降低了潮波在海湾传播时的幅度和速度，减少了摩擦的影响并增加了冲洗时间。该系统从收敛演变为阻尼系统，可以潜在地减少预计海平面上升产生的影响。此外，盐度和温度的季节性变化减少，增加了床层剪切应力并导致浊度增加，从而影响海湾的生物地球化学。最后，沿主要水道的波浪高度降低，尽管年平均波浪能通量在海湾内部海滩上仅略有改变。然而，在风暴期间观察到显着变化，这可能影响这些海滩的形态动力学。最后，沿主要水道的波浪高度降低，尽管年平均波浪能通量在海湾内部海滩上仅略有改变。然而，在风暴期间观察到显着变化，这可能影响这些海滩的形态动力学。最后，沿主要水道的波浪高度降低，尽管年平均波浪能通量在海湾内部海滩上仅略有改变。然而，在风暴期间观察到显着变化，这可能影响这些海滩的形态动力学。