Metropolitan areas are highly complex systems where a transition towards food security encompasses a systematic change in the whole food chain. Existing decision support tools that have been developed to inform policy-makers are mostly data-driven but hardly consider the activities and preferences of different stakeholders in the food system. The aim of this article is to contribute to urban food security by combining stakeholder participation with model-driven decision support. For this purpose, we developed and tested the Transition Support System (TSS) approach. In this TSS approach, decision support tools and participatory processes are mutually employed to promote urban food security in an ongoing, stakeholder-inclusive and reflexive process of governance. Our application of the TSS approach in two contrasting case studies highlights how this can contribute towards the development of new perspectives on urban food security, building a joint agenda towards the future and better (mutual) understanding of the issues at stake. We conclude that promoting a transition in the urban food system demands joint learning and reflexive evaluation in order to adapt governance, requiring researchers to play a supporting role in a broader process of change.

中文翻译：

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粮食安全大都市区：过渡支持系统方法

大都市区是高度复杂的系统，向粮食安全过渡包括整个食物链的系统性变化。为决策者提供信息而开发的现有决策支持工具大多是数据驱动的，但很少考虑粮食系统中不同利益相关者的活动和偏好。本文的目的是通过将利益相关者的参与与模型驱动的决策支持相结合，为城市粮食安全做出贡献。为此，我们开发并测试了过渡支持系统 (TSS) 方法。在这种 TSS 方法中，决策支持工具和参与性过程相互使用，以在持续的、利益相关者包容的和反思性的治理过程中促进城市粮食安全。我们在两个对比鲜明的案例研究中应用 TSS 方法强调了这如何有助于发展关于城市粮食安全的新观点，建立面向未来的联合议程以及更好地（相互）理解所涉问题。我们的结论是，促进城市食品系统的转型需要联合学习和反思性评估以适应治理，要求研究人员在更广泛的变革过程中发挥支持作用。