At different stages throughout their life cycle, plants often encounter several pathogenic microbes that challenge plant growth and development. The sophisticated innate plant immune system prevents the growth of harmful microbes via two interconnected defense strategies based on pathogen perception. These strategies involve microbe-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity and microbial effector-triggered immunity. Both these immune responses induce several defense mechanisms for restricting pathogen attack to protect against pathogens and terminate their growth. Plants often develop immune memory after an exposure to pathogens, leading to systemic acquired resistance. Unlike that with harmful microbes, plants make friendly interactions with beneficial microbes for boosting their plant immune system. A spike in recent publications has further improved our understanding of the immune responses in plants as triggered by interactions with microbes. The present study reviews our current understanding of how plant–microbe interactions can activate the sophisticated plant immune system at the molecular level. We further discuss how plant-microbe interaction boost the immune system of plants by demonstrating the examples of Mycorrhizal and Rhizobial association and how these plant-microbe interactions can be exploited to engineer disease resistance and crop improvement.

在生命周期的不同阶段，植物经常会遇到几种致病微生物，这些微生物会挑战植物的生长发育。先进的先天植物免疫系统通过基于病原体感知的两种相互关联的防御策略来防止有害微生物的生长。这些策略涉及微生物相关的分子模式触发的免疫力和微生物效应子触发的免疫力。这两种免疫应答都诱导了几种防御机制，用于限制病原体的侵袭，以防御病原体并终止其生长。暴露于病原体后，植物通常会产生免疫记忆，导致系统获得性抗药性。与有害微生物不同，植物与有益微生物进行友好的相互作用以增强植物的免疫系统。最近出版物的激增进一步提高了我们对植物与微生物相互作用触发的免疫反应的理解。本研究回顾了我们目前对植物与微生物相互作用如何在分子水平上激活复杂的植物免疫系统的理解。我们将通过演示以下例子进一步讨论植物与微生物的相互作用如何增强植物的免疫系统。菌根 和 根瘤菌 关联以及如何利用这些植物与微生物的相互作用来设计抗病性和作物改良。