We investigate the impact of direct payments on agricultural commercialisation in Kosovo. Kosovo is one of the poorest countries in Europe but, with European assistance, provides substantial funds to support agriculture, made up of many small and often semi‐subsistence farms. Thus, the effect of this support is a central policy issue. Identifying the effect of direct payments on market participation faces endogeneity issues arising from the possible simultaneous determination of participation in support programmes and market participation. In order to achieve proper identification of the endogenous direct payments, we use a strategy of targeted identification search that employs several different methodological approaches. We find that direct payments for fruit and vegetables, and those for cereals and oilseeds have a positive effect on market participation. However, we cannot identify any definite effect of livestock payments.

中文翻译：

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可以直接付款促进农业商品化：来自转型国家的证据

我们调查了直接付款对科索沃农业商业化的影响。科索沃是欧洲最贫穷的国家之一，但是在欧洲的协助下，科索沃提供了大量资金来支持农业，农业由许多小型且通常是半自给自足的农场组成。因此，这种支持的效果是一个中心政策问题。确定直接付款对市场参与的影响面临着内生性问题，这是由于可能同时确定参与支持计划和市场参与而引起的。为了正确识别内生直接付款，我们使用了针对性的身份搜索策略，该策略采用了几种不同的方法论方法。我们发现水果和蔬菜直接付款，谷物和油料种子的那些对市场参与有积极影响。但是，我们无法确定牲畜支付的任何明确影响。