Peiai 64S (PA64S) is a photoperiod- and thermo sensitive genic male sterile (PTGMS) rice line that has been widely applied in two-line hybrid rice breeding. The male fertility mechanism of PTGMS has always been the research focus. We obtained fertile PA64S (F) and sterile fertile PA64S (S) plants at 21℃ and 28℃, respectively. Here, we analyzed the development of anthers and pollen grains of PA64S (S) and found that the degradation of tapetum and sporopollenin accumulation of pollen exine was abnormal. The content of lipid components in PA64S (F) and PA64S (S) were different by LC-MS, among which sterols, (O-acyl) ω-hydroxy fatty acids, ceramide, and other lipid components were upregulated in PA64S (F). The results of transcriptome showed that many significantly different genes were enriched in the lipid metabolism pathways. Additionally, lipid synthesis and transport genes were downregulated in PA64S (S). In summary, the differences of the PA64S fertility under different temperatures were analyzed through multi-levels comparison. These results suggest that lipid synthesis and transport during PA64S anther development affects the lipid accumulation of pollen exine, and ultimately affected fertility. The differences in lipids content may also be a factor affecting PA64S pollen fertility.

中文翻译：

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脂质代谢参与光温敏感型不育系培艾64S雄性生育调节

培爱64S（PA64S）是一种光温热敏不育（PTGMS）水稻品系，已广泛应用于两系杂交水稻育种。PTGMS的男性生育机制一直是研究热点。我们分别在21℃和28℃下获得了可育的PA64S（F）和不育的可育PA64S（S）植株。在这里，我们分析了PA64S（S）的花药和花粉粒的发育，发现绒毡层的降解和花粉外壁孢粉素的积累异常。LC-MS显示PA64S(F)和PA64S(S)中脂质成分含量不同，其中甾醇、(O-酰基)ω-羟基脂肪酸、神经酰胺等脂质成分在PA64S(F)中上调. 转录组的结果表明，在脂质代谢途径中富集了许多显着不同的基因。此外，脂质合成和转运基因在 PA64S (S) 中下调。综上所述，通过多层次比较分析了PA64S在不同温度下的育性差异。这些结果表明，PA64S 花药发育过程中的脂质合成和运输会影响花粉外壁的脂质积累，并最终影响生育能力。脂质含量的差异也可能是影响 PA64S 花粉生育力的一个因素。