Abstract The present study investigates the mechanism of the after-runner surge on the coast of the Gulf of Tonkin, Vietnam, due to Typhoon Kalmaegi 2014 landfalling at Quang Ninh province using a coupled model of surge, wave and tide forced by asymmetric and symmetric wind and pressure fields. It is found that the after-runner surge is mainly caused by tailwinds of the typhoon, generating the maximum surge level along the shore on the left side of the track approximately 11 h delayed. The tailwind is attributed to maximumly 60% of the peak surge. As a result, the wind speed is the predominant factor on the Kalmaegi surge on the north coast, while both the wind speed and the sea level pressure have the identical impact on the west and south coasts. Through the numerical experiments, the slower moving speed results in the higher surge level on the right side of the typhoon, while the faster speed causes the higher surge level on the left side of the track. The stronger wind speed and sea level pressure correlatively generate the higher surge along the whole coast. It means that the asymmetry field is critical to the after-runner storm surge.

中文翻译：

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越南北部湾移动速度、风速和海平面压力对后轮风暴潮的影响

摘要 本研究利用非对称和对称风强迫的涌浪和潮汐耦合模型研究了2014年登陆广宁省的台风Kalmaegi导致越南北部湾沿岸的后浪涌机制。和压力场。发现后轮涌浪主要是由台风的顺风引起的，沿跑道左侧的海岸产生了最大的涌浪水平，延迟了大约11小时。顺风最多归因于峰值浪涌的 60%。因此，风速是北海岸卡尔迈吉浪涌的主导因素，而风速和海平面压力对西海岸和南海岸的影响相同。通过数值实验，移动速度越慢导致台风右侧的喘振水平越高，而速度越快导致轨道左侧的喘振水平越高。更强的风速和海平面压力相应地产生了沿整个海岸的更高的浪涌。这意味着不对称场对于后轮风暴潮至关重要。