Defect engineering is a promising approach for tailoring the physicochemical properties, such as stability, pore structure, and surface area, of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). In this study, some defective Zr-based biphenyl dicarboxylate (UiO-67 (Zr)) MOFs were prepared via fast modulated synthesis under microwave-assisted continuous flow by using HCOOH, CH₃COOH, CH₃CH₂COOH, and C₆H₅COOH as modulators. A surface-modified UiO-67(Zr) framework with high porosity and crystallinity could be rapidly produced in a few minutes due to the incomplete exchange between the bridging ligand and the modulator. The defect concentration in the products was tuned by controlling both the modulator species and concentrations utilized. The adsorption ability toward toluene of the prepared UiO-67(Zr) MOFs was found to be related to their structural defects; the defective UiO-67(Zr) MOF synthesized with HCOOH as the modulator exhibited the highest toluene adsorption capacity (467 mg g⁻¹), surpassing also most of the previously reported adsorbent materials, such as zeolites, activated carbon, Zr-based dicarboxybenzene (UiO-66(Zr)), H₂N-UiO-66(Zr), zeolitic imidazolates, and copper benzenetricarboxylate. Moreover, the experimental dynamic adsorption data were mathematically modeled to predict the adsorption behaviors of defective UiO-67(Zr) MOFs.

缺陷工程是一种有前途的方法，可用于调整金属-有机骨架（MOF）的物理化学性质，例如稳定性，孔结构和表面积。在这项研究中，使用HCOOH，CH ₃ COOH，CH ₃ CH ₂ COOH和C ₆ H通过微波辅助连续流动下的快速调制合成，制备了一些有缺陷的Zr基联苯二甲酸二甲酯（UiO-67（Zr））MOF。₅COOH作为调节剂。由于桥接配体和调节剂之间的不完全交换，可以在几分钟内迅速生产出具有高孔隙率和结晶度的表面改性UiO-67（Zr）骨架。通过控制调节剂种类和所用浓度来调节产品中的缺陷浓度。发现制备的UiO-67（Zr）MOFs对甲苯的吸附能力与其结构缺陷有关。以HCOOH为调节剂合成的有缺陷的UiO-67（Zr）MOF表现出最高的甲苯吸附能力（467 mg g ^-1），也超过了大多数先前报道的吸附材料，例如沸石，活性炭，Zr基二羧基苯（UiO-66（Zr）），H ₂N-UiO-66（Zr），沸石咪唑盐和苯三羧酸铜。此外，对实验动态吸附数据进行数学建模以预测有缺陷的UiO-67（Zr）MOF的吸附行为。