In this work, nanoscale silver ferrite (AgFeO₂) was successively impregnated onto graphene(G) and Cu₂(BTC)₃ MOF to construct binary and tertiary heterojunction photocatalysts with engineered bandgap energies (E_g = 1.95 to 1.72 eV) for photocatalytic removal of pharmaceutical drug pollutants under sunlight irradiation. Response surface methodology was employed to investigate and optimize the prepared photocatalysts for visible-driven photodegradation of amoxicillin (AMC) and diclofenac (DCF) (as model drug pollutants) under the effect of irradiation time (X_T), drug concentrations (X_C), and water salinity (X_S). At optimum conditions (X_T: 100 min, X_C: 5 mg/L, and X_S: 250 mg/L), all photocatalysts exhibited high sensitivity for solution pH due to the ionization of AMC/DCF molecules, which influences their adsorbability on the photocatalysts surfaces. Under sunlight irradiation, AgFeO₂/[email protected]₂(BTC)₃ outperformed other binary photocatalysts (AgFeO₂/G and AgFeO₂/Cu₂(BTC)₃) towards AMC/DCF drug pollutants removal (up to 97 % after 150 min), with apparent photo-kinetic (k₁) rates of 6.4–8.7 × 10⁻² min^-1 and excellent stability up to four cycles. More importantly, AgFeO₂/[email protected]₂(BTC)₃ heterojunction showed high efficacy to remediate real pharmaceutical wastewater with an efficiency of 87.1 ± 2.9% reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD) after 7 h under direct sunlight. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of the tertiary heterojunction photocatalyst is attributed to promoted charges transfer mechanism via direct Z-scheme from the conduction band of Cu₂(BTC)₃ to the valence band of AgFeO₂ in the presence of graphene as a solid electron mediator/acceptor. Hence, the photogenerated electrons in the conduction band of AgFeO₂ reacted with O₂ molecules to generate O₂ ⁻anion (as predominant oxidative species), which successively enhances the degradation/mineralization of adsorbed drug molecules on the catalyst surfaces.

在这项工作中，纳米级的铁氧体（AgFeO ₂）连续浸渍到石墨烯（G）和Cu ₂（BTC）₃ MOF上，以工程带隙能（E _g = 1.95至1.72 eV）构造二元和三级异质结光催化剂，以进行光催化去除。日光照射下制药药物污染物的检测。响应面方法被用于研究和优化制备的光催化剂，以在照射时间（X _T），药物浓度（X _C）的影响下对阿莫西林（AMC）和双氯芬酸（DCF）（作为模型药物污染物）进行可见光降解。和水盐度（X _S）。在最佳条件下（X _T：100分钟，X _C：5 mg / L和X _S：250 mg / L），由于AMC / DCF分子的电离作用，所有光催化剂均对溶液pH值表现出高敏感性，从而影响其吸附能力。在光催化剂表面。在阳光照射下，AgFeO ₂ / [受电子邮件保护] ₂（BTC）_3在去除AMC / DCF药物污染物方面的性能优于其他二元光催化剂（AgFeO ₂ / G和AgFeO ₂ / Cu ₂（BTC）₃）（150后高达97％）分钟），表观光动力学（k ₁）速率为6.4–8.7×10^－2 min ^-1和高达四个循环的出色稳定性。更重要的是，AgFeO ₂ / [受电子邮件保护] ₂（BTC）₃异质结在直接阳光照射7小时后，具有很高的补救实际制药废水的效率，化学需氧量（COD）降低了87.1±2.9％。在存在石墨烯作为固体电子介体的情况下，通过直接Z方案从Cu ₂（BTC）₃的导带到AgFeO ₂的价带的直接Z方案，促进了叔异质结光催化剂的光催化活性增强。受体。因此，AgFeO导带中的光生电子₂带O反应₂分子以产生ö ₂ ^-阴离子（作为主要氧化性物质），其依次增强了催化剂的表面上吸附的药物分子的降解/矿化。