The present study aimed to evaluate structural characteristics of a polysaccharides, SCP2-1, isolated from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill (S. chinensis) and to assess its improvement on cognitive dysfunction caused by excessive neuroinflammation. Structural characterization indicated that SCP2-1 was composed of glucose and galactose in a molar ratio of 8.78:1.23 with molecular weight of 5.388 kDa. The main linkages of the glycosidic bonds of SCP2-1were 1,4-linked-Glcp, 1,4-linked-Galp, 1-linked-Galp and 1,4,6-linked-Galp. The evaluation of behavioral pharmacology and the detection of biochemical markers exhibited that SCP2-1 could improve LPS-induced cognitive dysfunction in mice, ameliorate excessive inflammatory response. The results showed that SCP2-1 could ameliorated the animals' exploration time of novel arm in Y maze test, shortened the escape latency of mice in MWM test, and increased the exploration time of new object in NOR test. What's more, mice could improve histopathological changes induced by LPS, suppress the over-activation of glial cells, decrease the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, increase the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, reduce the levels of NLRP3, M-caspaes-1, which may further induce the decrease of excessive deposition of Aβ. Furthermore, SCP2-1 could inhibit the over-activation of NF-κB and the hyperphosphorylation of P38 MAPK pathway.

本研究旨在评估从五味子（Turcz。）Baill（S. chinensis）分离出的多糖SCP2-1的结构特征），并评估其对过度神经炎引起的认知功能障碍的改善作用。结构特征表明SCP2-1由葡萄糖和半乳糖组成，摩尔比为8.78：1.23，分子量为5.388 kDa。SCP2-1的糖苷键的主要连接为1,4-连接的Glcp，1,4-连接的Galp，1-连接的Galp和1,4,6-连接的Galp。行为药理学评估和生化标志物的检测表明，SCP2-1可以改善LPS诱导的小鼠认知功能障碍，减轻过度的炎症反应。结果表明，SCP2-1可以改善Y迷宫实验中动物对新臂的探索时间，缩短了MWM实验中小鼠的逃避潜伏期，而NOR实验则增加了新对象的探索时间。更重要的是，小鼠可以改善LPS诱导的组织病理学变化，抑制神经胶质细胞的过度活化，降低促炎细胞因子的表达，增加抗炎细胞因子的水平，降低NLRP3，M-caspaes-1的水平，这可能进一步诱导减少Aβ过度沉积。此外，SCP2-1可能抑制NF-κB的过度活化和P38 MAPK途径的过度磷酸化。