Vertisols were examined from the standpoint of extreme pedology. The aim of this paper is to:

1) estimate the variability of features, factors and geography of Vertisols and to better identify what is typical and how extreme (unusual for normal Vertisol) could be the factors of their formation (i.e. climate, parent material, vegetation, relief, and age), 2) evaluate the extreme environments they occur, to recognize how could be Vertisols and their attributes, and 3) how the extreme factors and features could support the understanding of Vertisol pedogenesis. The review of available literature data and personal observations revealed large variability of the environments.

We discuss the Vertisol pedogenesis, the role of soil forming factors in their genesis and systemize the variability and diversity of Vertisols attributes. The broad range of factors indicate that Vertisols are universal soils which can occur in any environments from equator to cold boreal zone without strong limitations in temperatures, precipitations, vegetation, and genesis of parent materials. The formation of vertic features occur under various combinations of soil forming factors. The interaction of factors provides the required shrinking and swelling when the insufficiency of one factor is compensated for by another if they form not in typical environment. In terms of the extreme pedology, Vertisols are the bright example of the chorogical or extra-areal extremeness. The reasons for this phenomenon can be found in the modern functioning as well as in the history of Vertisols formation.

从极端儿科的角度检查了眩晕症。本文的目的是：

1）估算Vertisols的特征，因素和地理的可变性，以更好地识别典型特征以及极端因素（正常Vertisol不常见）可能是其形成因素（即气候，母体，植被，地貌和年龄） ，2）评估它们发生的极端环境，以认识到Vertisol可能如何及其属性，以及3）极端因素和特征如何可以支持对Vertisol的成岩作用的理解。对现有文献数据和个人观察的回顾表明，环境的变化很大。

我们讨论了Vertisol的成岩作用，土壤形成因子在其成因中的作用，并系统化了Vertisols属性的变异性和多样性。广泛的因素表明，Vertisols是普遍的土壤，可以在从赤道到寒冷的北方地区的任何环境中发生，而不受温度，降水，植被和母体成因的强烈限制。垂直特征的形成在土壤形成因子的各种组合下发生。如果一个因素的不足在典型环境中无法形成，而另一因素可以弥补这些因素的相互作用，则这些因素会提供所需的收缩和膨胀。在极端的儿科方面，Vertisols是地方性或区域外极端性的典型代表。