Abstract Energy input-output assessment for crop production processes is becoming increasingly important due to increased energy demand. Efficient use of energy can help achieve an environmentally, economically and socially viable sustainable crop production system now and for the future in general. This paper explores the energy inputs and consumption patterns for rice production system in Nigeria. Energy related data were collected through field surveys, direct measurements, interview with farmers and structured questionnaires for two growing seasons in nine (9) rice farms, comprising of three small, medium and large farms, respectively. Energy requirement for land preparation, planting, crop maintenance (fertilization and weed control), threshing, and harvesting were calculated using standard equations. The average energy input for rice production in small, medium and large farms were 14813, 14543 and 14067 MJ/ha, respectively, while the average yield obtainable were 6695, 7060 and 7364 kg/ha, respectively. There is a significant difference among the three farm categories in respect to input energy and agronomical managements such as transplanting date and land preparation. Energy input in fertilizer application was the highest with 73.80, 75.11 and 76.90% of the total energy input in small, medium and large farm, respectively. The net energy values were 82733, 88321 and 93226 MJ/ha, respectively. Energy ratio in small, medium and large farms were 6.58, 7.07 and 7.62, respectively. Large farms had better energy efficiency due to better management of energy resources. Minimizing input energy through increased level of mechanisation will boost rice production in Nigeria.

中文翻译：

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尼日利亚水稻生产能源投入产出分析

摘要 由于能源需求的增加，作物生产过程的能源投入产出评估变得越来越重要。能源的有效利用有助于在现在和未来实现环境、经济和社会可行的可持续作物生产系统。本文探讨了尼日利亚水稻生产系统的能源投入和消费模式。能源相关数据是通过田间调查、直接测量、与农民访谈和结构化问卷对九 (9) 个稻田的两个生长季节收集的，分别包括三个小型、中型和大型农场。土地整备、种植、作物维护（施肥和杂草控制）、脱粒和收获的能量需求使用标准方程计算。小、中、大农场水稻生产的平均能源投入分别为14813、14543和14067兆焦/公顷，而平均可获得的产量分别为6695、7060和7364公斤/公顷。三个农场类别在能源投入和移栽日期和整地等农艺管理方面存在显着差异。施肥能源投入最高，分别占小、中、大农场能源投入总量的73.80%、75.11%和76.90%。净能量值分别为 82733、88321 和 93226 MJ/ha。小、中、大农场能源比分别为6.58、7.07和7.62。由于更好地管理能源资源，大型农场的能源效率更高。