Traditionally, challenges of natural resource management have been addressed with a sectoral policy approach. However, it is increasingly recognised that different sectors are interconnected in a complex and mutually interacting system. A nexus approach is proposed to identify synergies and trade-offs between sectors and to foster the sustainable and efficient use of resources, particularly in light of climate change. The nexus approach has led to studies identifying interactions between policy objectives across nexus sectors, but the physical interactions between nexus sectors that can be the result of policy interactions, have received less attention. Nevertheless, such interactions can have severe consequences for the environment, affecting ecosystems and the services they provide. Integrating the nexus approach and the ecosystem service concept may help to better understand pressures and impacts related to a resource nexus and to address trade-offs. In this study, literature and expert assessment are used to analyse the water-energy-food-land-climate nexus in Sweden through the lens of the ecosystem services concept to gain insights into interactions between the nexus sectors. By demonstrating how anthropogenic pressures originating from the nexus sectors affect ecosystem functions and services, this paper serves as a foundation to further inform policy making (within and outside Sweden) when considering the water-energy-food-land-climate nexus.

传统上，自然资源管理的挑战已通过部门政策方法解决。但是，人们越来越认识到，在一个复杂且相互影响的系统中，不同的部门相互联系。提出了一种联系方法，以查明部门之间的协同作用和取舍，并促进可持续和有效利用资源，特别是根据气候变化。关联方法导致研究确定了跨关联部门的政策目标之间的相互作用，但是由于政策相互作用而导致的关联部门之间的物理相互作用受到的关注较少。然而，这种相互作用可能对环境造成严重后果，影响生态系统及其提供的服务。将联系方法与生态系统服务概念相结合可能有助于更好地理解与资源联系有关的压力和影响，并解决权衡问题。在这项研究中，文献和专家评估通过生态系统服务概念的角度来分析瑞典的水能，食物，土地，气候之间的联系，以深入了解各联系之间的相互作用。通过说明来自联系部门的人为压力如何影响生态系统功能和服务，本文作为基础（在瑞典内部和外部）在为水，能源，食物，土地，气候等方面的联系提供决策依据。文献和专家评估通过生态系统服务概念来分析瑞典的水，能源，食物，土地，气候之间的联系，以深入了解各部门之间的相互作用。通过说明来自联系部门的人为压力如何影响生态系统功能和服务，本文作为基础（在瑞典内部和外部）在为水，能源，食物，土地，气候等方面的联系提供决策依据。文献和专家评估通过生态系统服务概念来分析瑞典的水，能源，食物，土地，气候之间的联系，以深入了解各部门之间的相互作用。通过论证来自联系部门的人为压力如何影响生态系统功能和服务，本文作为基础（在瑞典内部和外部）在为水，能源，食物，土地，气候之间的联系做进一步决策时提供了依据。