Abstract A high‑oxygen-content porous activated carbon with tremella-like morphology was synthesized by a novel method using a heavy component derived from bituminous coal as raw material. The heavy component was pretreated with a mixed HCl-HNO3 solution and an acetone solution, and subsequently activated with KOH. The as-prepared porous activated carbon exhibited a high capacitance of 416 F g−1 at the current density of 0.1 A g−1 and still retained 282 F g−1 at 2.0 A g−1. It also shows high cycling stability with 90% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles in a 6 M KOH electrolyte. The precursors and the prepared porous activated carbons were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric/differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. The excellent electrochemical performance was attributed to the increase of the specific oxygen-containing functional groups on the porous carbon, which were formed by the reaction of coal macromolecules and acid/acetone solution. Moreover, the tremella-like microstructure was believed to contribute to the capacitance increase by improving the diffusion of electrolyte. This work opens up a new methodological perspective on the synthesis of coal-based high‑oxygen-content porous carbon, which is a good candidate for high-performance supercapacitor electrode materials.

中文翻译：

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具有含氧官能团的银耳状多孔碳的合成用于高性能超级电容器

摘要 以烟煤重质组分为原料，采用新方法合成了具有银耳状形态的高含氧量多孔活性炭。重组分用 HCl-HNO3 混合溶液和丙酮溶液预处理，然后用 KOH 活化。所制备的多孔活性炭在 0.1 A g-1 的电流密度下表现出 416 F g-1 的高电容，并在 2.0 A g-1 时仍保持 282 F g-1。它还显示出高循环稳定性，在 6 M KOH 电解液中 5000 次循环后电容保持率为 90%。通过X射线光电子能谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱、热重/差示扫描量热法和扫描电子显微镜研究了前驱体和制备的多孔活性炭。优异的电化学性能归因于多孔碳上特定的含氧官能团的增加，这些官能团是由煤大分子与酸/丙酮溶液反应形成的。此外，银耳状微结构被认为通过改善电解质的扩散有助于电容增加。这项工作为煤基高氧多孔碳的合成开辟了新的方法论视角，是高性能超级电容器电极材料的良好候选者。银耳状微结构被认为有助于通过改善电解质的扩散来增加电容。这项工作为煤基高氧多孔碳的合成开辟了新的方法论视角，是高性能超级电容器电极材料的良好候选者。银耳状微结构被认为有助于通过改善电解质的扩散来增加电容。这项工作为煤基高氧多孔碳的合成开辟了新的方法论视角，是高性能超级电容器电极材料的良好候选者。