Cancer immunotherapy using tumor-selective, oncolytic viruses is an emerging therapeutic option for solid and hematologic malignancies. A considerable variety of viruses ranging from small picornaviruses to large poxviruses are currently being investigated as potential candidates. In the early days of virotherapy, non-engineered wild-type or vaccine-strain viruses were employed. However, these viruses often did not fully satisfy the major criteria of safety and efficacy. Since the advent of reverse genetics systems for manipulating various classes of viruses, the field has shifted to developing genetically engineered viruses with an improved therapeutic index. In this review, we will summarize the concepts and strategies of multi-level genetic engineering of oncolytic measles virus, a prime candidate for cancer immunovirotherapy. Furthermore, we will provide a brief overview of measles virus-based multimodal combination therapies for improved tumor control and clinical efficacy.

使用肿瘤选择性溶瘤病毒的癌症免疫疗法是实体瘤和血液恶性肿瘤的一种新兴治疗选择。目前正在研究从小型小核糖核酸病毒到大型痘病毒的多种病毒作为潜在候选者。在病毒疗法的早期，使用非工程改造的野生型或疫苗株病毒。然而，这些病毒通常不能完全满足安全性和有效性的主要标准。自从用于操纵各类病毒的反向遗传学系统出现以来，该领域已转向开发具有改进的治疗指数的基因工程病毒。在这篇综述中，我们将总结溶瘤麻疹病毒多级基因工程的概念和策略，溶瘤麻疹病毒是癌症免疫病毒疗法的主要候选者。此外，我们将简要概述基于麻疹病毒的多模式联合疗法，以改善肿瘤控制和临床疗效。