Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) is becoming popular in the field of anti-counterfeiting material due to its favorable biocompatibility, renewability, and easy modification properties, which give it great potentials as carrier of carbon quantum dots (CQDs). Herein, we report an effective method to fabricate Yb and Er doped CQDs grafted onto dialdehyde NFC (DANFC). Owning to special rheological properties of NFC, a waterborne fluorescent dual anti-counterfeiting ink was rationally designed and successfully prepared by adding NFC to waterborne ink to form a stable network structure and increase the thixotropy and yield stress. The resulting CQDs exhibited both photoluminescence (PL) and up-conversion luminescence (UCPL), emitting blue and green fluorescence at excitation wavelengths of 370 and 980 nm, respectively. The study provides a novel method to prepare the waterborne fluorescent dual anti-counterfeiting ink based on Yb and Er doped CQDs/DANFC composites, which provides a reference for its application in printing and packaging industry.

纳米原纤化纤维素（NFC）由于其良好的生物相容性，可更新性和易于修饰的特性而在防伪材料领域变得越来越流行，这使其具有作为碳量子点（CQD）载体的巨大潜力。在这里，我们报告了一种有效的方法来制造接枝到二醛NFC（DANFC）上的掺Yb和Er的CQD。归因于NFC的特殊流变特性，通过在水性油墨中添加NFC形成稳定的网络结构并增加触变性和屈服应力，合理设计并成功制备了水性荧光双重防伪油墨。所得CQD既显示光致发光（PL），也显示上转换发光（UCPL），分别在370和980 nm的激发波长下发出蓝色和绿色荧光。