This article reviews the state of the art of chemisorption heat pumps that use ammonia as the refrigerant for cold-climate heating applications. In such a system, ammonia vapor is adsorbed by the solid salt through reversible chemisorption reactions, and the thermal effect of the reaction and ammonia phase change is used to extract heat from a cold environment and supply heat to a warm environment. With the high latent heat and low boiling point of ammonia as a low-temperature refrigerant and the high sorption capacity of ammonia-based chemisorption reactions, chemisorption heat pumps have the potential to produce high-efficiency heating, particularly for cold climates. This review first briefly introduces the basics of ammonia-based chemisorption heat pump systems. Then, the latest development of sorbent materials, including ammoniate salts and heat-conductive porous matrix materials, are summarized with the focus on low-temperature heating conditions. The design of system components, as well as cycle configurations, in the literature are summarized. This review concludes with highlights of recent developments on these topics and suggestions of areas for further research.

本文回顾了化学吸收热泵的技术现状，该化学吸收热泵使用氨作为冷气加热应用的制冷剂。在这样的系统中，氨蒸汽通过可逆的化学吸附反应被固体盐吸附，并且反应的热效应和氨相变被用于从寒冷的环境中提取热量并将热量提供给温暖的环境。由于氨作为低温制冷剂的潜热高且沸点低，并且基于氨的化学吸附反应具有高吸附能力，因此化学吸附热泵具有产生高效加热的潜力，尤其是在寒冷气候下。本文首先简要介绍了基于氨的化学吸附热泵系统的基础知识。然后，吸附剂材料的最新发展，包括氨盐和导热多孔基体材料在内的材料，以低温加热条件为重点进行了总结。总结了文献中系统组件的设计以及循环配置。本文以这些主题的最新发展为重点，并提出了需要进一步研究的领域的建议。