In order to investigate the effect of different states of charge (SOC) on air transport safety of lithium-ion batteries, 18650 lithium-ion batteries were used to conduct UN38.3 experiments of single-cell batteries and thermal runaway experiments of single-cell batteries and battery packages (multi-cell batteries). In the UN38.3 experiments of single-cell batteries, six tests were conducted, including thermal, vibration, shock, external short circuit, impact, and altitude simulation tests to determine the changes in maximum temperature, the percentage of the battery mass, and the voltage change before and after the experiment. Regression fitting and correlation analyses were conducted to determine the relationship between different SOCs and the variables. In the thermal runaway experiment of the single-cell battery, the regression fitting and analysis are performed on experimental data of SOCs with the battery’s initial explosion time, explosion duration and experiment end time. In the simulation of the thermal runaway experiment of multi-cell lithium battery packages, the explosion temperatures and the explosion times of batteries with 100% SOC and with 30% SOC were compared. The results indicate that the SOC of lithium-ion batteries in air transport should not exceed 30% for safety reasons. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for safe transportation of civil lithium-ion batteries and associated equipment.

为了研究不同荷电状态（SOC）对锂离子电池航空运输安全的影响，使用18650锂离子电池进行UN38.3单电池实验和单电池热失控实验。电池和电池组（多节电池）。在UN38.3单节电池实验中，进行了六项测试，包括热，振动，冲击，外部短路，冲击和高度模拟测试，以确定最高温度，电池质量百分比和实验前后的电压变化。进行了回归拟合和相关性分析，以确定不同SOC与变量之间的关系。在单节电池的热失控实验中，对SOC的实验数据，电池的初始爆炸时间，爆炸持续时间和实验结束时间进行回归拟合和分析。在多节锂电池组热失控实验的模拟中，比较了SOC为100％和SOC为30％的电池的爆炸温度和爆炸时间。结果表明，出于安全考虑，航空运输中锂离子电池的SOC不应超过30％。这项研究的结果为安全运输民用锂离子电池和相关设备提供了科学依据。比较了SOC为100％和SOC为30％的电池的爆炸温度和爆炸时间。结果表明，出于安全考虑，航空运输中锂离子电池的SOC不应超过30％。这项研究的结果为安全运输民用锂离子电池和相关设备提供了科学依据。比较了SOC为100％和SOC为30％的电池的爆炸温度和爆炸时间。结果表明，出于安全考虑，航空运输中锂离子电池的SOC不应超过30％。这项研究的结果为安全运输民用锂离子电池和相关设备提供了科学依据。