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Optimizing yield and flower resources for pollinators in intensively managed multi-species grasslands
Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment ( IF 6.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2020.107062
Wenfeng Cong , Yoko L. Dupont , Karen Søegaard , Jørgen Eriksen

Abstract Intensively managed grasslands, typically containing a few high-yielding species, play a key role in providing biomass feedstock for animal feed and bioenergy production. However, these grasslands often contain few resources for flower-visiting insects, which provide pollination services for crops. In this study, we investigate if both high yield and floral resources for pollinators can be achieved in intensively managed grasslands by varying species diversity and composition, and cutting frequency. Four perennial grassland mixtures containing 3, 5, 11 and 13 species of grasses and/or forbs were established at three sites varying in surrounding landscape, and plots were managed with three cutting strategies (four cuts per year, two cuts per year and no cut). Biomass production was measured as annual herbage yield. Every 2–4 weeks throughout the flowering season, flower abundance, richness, temporal stability and flower-visiting insects were monitored. The 11- and 13-species mixtures, designed to enhance pollinators, produced similar or higher herbage yield than the 3-species mixture under a two-cut strategy or the 5-species mixture under a four-cut strategy. The 3- and 5- species mixtures had a high accumulated flower abundance due to excessive flowering of lucerne under the two-cut strategy and white clover under the four-cut strategy. Interestingly, flower abundance was not significantly reduced under the two-cut strategy compared to no cut. As expected, the 11- and 13- species mixtures presented a higher diversity of flowers during the flowering season. Flower temporal stability was generally higher in 11- and 13-species mixtures under the two-cut strategy, while it was highest in the 5-species mixture under the four-cut strategy. Pollinator profiles (visits by different functional groups of insects) were plant-species specific, and varied very little among sites. Legume species mainly attracted large bees (honey bees and bumblebees), while the most abundant forbs attracted other insect groups, in particular syrphids and other flies. Our results suggest that multi-species grasslands can be designed to support a high diversity of pollinators without compromising herbage yield. In particular, adding forbs to the grass-legume seed mixtures and managing grasslands with a two-cut strategy may increase flower resources available for a larger range of wild pollinators.

中文翻译:

优化集约化管理的多物种草地传粉者的产量和花卉资源

摘要 集约化管理的草地,通常包含一些高产物种,在为动物饲料和生物能源生产提供生物质原料方面发挥着关键作用。然而,这些草原往往没有为农作物提供授粉服务的访花昆虫资源。在这项研究中,我们调查了通过改变物种多样性和组成以及切割频率,是否可以在集约化管理的草原中实现传粉媒介的高产和花卉资源。在周围景观不同的三个地点建立了包含 3、5、11 和 13 种禾本科植物和/或杂草的四种多年生草地混合物,并采用三种切割策略(每年切割四次、每年切割两次和不切割)。生物质产量以每年的牧草产量来衡量。在整个开花季节每 2-4 周,监测花卉的丰度、丰富度、时间稳定性和访花昆虫。旨在增强传粉媒介的 11 种和 13 种混合物产生的牧草产量与两刀策略下的 3 种混合物或四刀策略下的 5 种混合物相似或更高。由于二切策略下苜蓿和四切策略下白三叶草的过度开花,3种和5种混合物具有较高的累积花丰度。有趣的是,与不切割相比,两次切割策略下的花丰度没有显着降低。正如预期的那样,11 种和 13 种混合物在开花季节呈现出更高的花卉多样性。花时间稳定性在二切策略下的11种和13种混合物中普遍较高,而在四切策略下在5种混合物中最高。传粉者概况(昆虫不同功能组的访问)是植物物种特异性的,并且在不同地点之间变化很小。豆科植物主要吸引大型蜜蜂(蜜蜂和大黄蜂),而最丰富的杂种植物则吸引其他昆虫群体,尤其是食蚜蝇和其他苍蝇。我们的结果表明,可以设计多物种草原以支持高度多样性的传粉媒介,而不会影响牧草产量。特别是,在草豆科种子混合物中添加杂草并采用两割策略管理草原可能会增加可供更多野生授粉媒介使用的花卉资源。而在四切策略下,它在5种混合物中最高。传粉者概况(昆虫不同功能组的访问)是植物物种特异性的,并且在不同地点之间变化很小。豆科植物主要吸引大型蜜蜂(蜜蜂和大黄蜂),而最丰富的杂种植物则吸引其他昆虫群体,尤其是食蚜蝇和其他苍蝇。我们的结果表明,可以设计多物种草原以支持高度多样性的传粉媒介,而不会影响牧草产量。特别是,在草豆科种子混合物中添加杂草并采用两割策略管理草原可能会增加可供更多野生授粉媒介使用的花卉资源。而在四切策略下,它在5种混合物中最高。传粉者概况(昆虫不同功能组的访问)是植物物种特异性的,并且在不同地点之间变化很小。豆科植物主要吸引大型蜜蜂(蜜蜂和大黄蜂),而最丰富的杂种植物则吸引其他昆虫群体,特别是蚜虫和其他苍蝇。我们的结果表明,可以设计多物种草原以支持高度多样性的传粉媒介,而不会影响牧草产量。特别是,在草豆科种子混合物中添加杂草并采用两割策略管理草原可能会增加可供更多野生授粉媒介使用的花卉资源。传粉者概况(昆虫不同功能组的访问)是植物物种特异性的,并且在不同地点之间变化很小。豆科植物主要吸引大型蜜蜂(蜜蜂和大黄蜂),而最丰富的杂种植物则吸引其他昆虫群体,特别是蚜虫和其他苍蝇。我们的结果表明,可以设计多物种草原以支持高度多样性的传粉媒介,而不会影响牧草产量。特别是,在草豆科种子混合物中添加杂草并采用两割策略管理草原可能会增加可供更多野生授粉媒介使用的花卉资源。传粉者概况(昆虫不同功能组的访问)是植物物种特异性的,并且在不同地点之间变化很小。豆科植物主要吸引大型蜜蜂(蜜蜂和大黄蜂),而最丰富的杂种植物则吸引其他昆虫群体,特别是蚜虫和其他苍蝇。我们的结果表明,可以设计多物种草原以支持高度多样性的传粉媒介,而不会影响牧草产量。特别是,在草豆科种子混合物中添加杂草并采用两割策略管理草原可能会增加可供更多野生授粉媒介使用的花卉资源。我们的结果表明,可以设计多物种草原以支持高度多样化的传粉媒介,而不会影响牧草产量。特别是,在草豆科种子混合物中添加杂草并采用两割策略管理草原可能会增加可供更多野生授粉媒介使用的花卉资源。我们的结果表明,可以设计多物种草原以支持高度多样性的传粉媒介,而不会影响牧草产量。特别是,在草豆科种子混合物中添加杂草并采用两割策略管理草原可能会增加可供更多野生授粉媒介使用的花卉资源。
更新日期:2020-10-01
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