Deep Space Gateway is a NASA program planned to support deep space human exploration and prove new technologies needed to achieve it. One Gateway requirement is the ability to operate in the absence of communications with the Deep Space Network (DSN) for a period of at least three weeks. In this paper, three types of onboard sensors (a camera for optical navigation, a GPS receiver, and X-ray navigation) are considered to enhance its autonomy and reduce the reliance on DSN. A trade study is conducted to explore alternatives on how to achieve autonomy and how to reduce DSN dependency while satisfying navigation performance requirements. Using linear covariance analysis, error budgets, and sensitivity analysis, the performance of navigation systems using combinations of DSN with the aforementioned onboard sensors is shown.

“深空通道”是一项NASA计划，旨在支持深空人类探索并证明实现该目标所需的新技术。网关的一项要求是能够在不与深空网（DSN）通信的情况下运行至少三周。本文考虑了三种车载传感器（用于光学导航的摄像头，GPS接收器和X射线导航）以增强其自主性并减少对DSN的依赖。进行了一项贸易研究，以探讨在满足导航性能要求的同时如何实现自治以及如何减少DSN依赖性的替代方法。使用线性协方差分析，误差预算和灵敏度分析，显示了结合使用DSN和上述机载传感器的导航系统的性能。