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Carbonate and concomitant microaggregation in irrigated Mediterranean soils of Israel
Irrigation Science ( IF 3.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-01 , DOI: 10.1007/s00271-020-00685-0
Galina V. Kharitonova , Fyodor S. Kot , Valeria O. Krutikova

Carbonates participate in soil aggregation and, therefore, influence the essential agrophysical properties of soil. Irrigation, using both fresh water and treated wastewaters (FW and TWW), can interfere with the soil carbonate system and affect (micro)aggregation. We undertook a micromorphological study on a series of characteristic Mediterranean soils irrigated with FW and TWW, emphasising the effects of carbonate microaggregation. Methods of microaggregate and gross chemical analyses and scanning electron microscopy were applied. The results showed that irrigation, using both FW and TWW, had diverse effects on the micromorphological patterns of the soils. In the soils irrigated with FW, and especially in clayey Vertisol, significant formation of pedogenic calcite occurred. FW appears to be a primary source of HCO3− and Ca2+ for the soils. The formation of calcite–clay microaggregates, enlarged and agronomically optimal in size (20–200 µm) and stability, would benefit the soil structure and enhance its soil filtration capacity, features favourable for heavy-textured Vertisol, Terra rossa, and Loessial arid brown soils. In the soils irrigated with TWW, partial dissolution of primary crystalline carbonates and subsequent precipitation of metastable amorphous carbonates in the form of calcite micronodules was observed. This would promote water-retention capacity of light Sandy soils. Additionally, an unusual toroid-shaped microform of CaCO3 was found in TWW-irrigated Vertisol and Loessial arid brown soil, presumably under the effect of dissolved organic matter.

中文翻译:

以色列地中海灌溉土壤中的碳酸盐和伴随的微团聚体

碳酸盐参与土壤团聚,因此影响土壤的基本农业物理特性。使用淡水和处理过的废水(FW 和 TWW)进行灌溉会干扰土壤碳酸盐系统并影响(微)聚集。我们对一系列用 FW 和 TWW 灌溉的典型地中海土壤进行了微形态研究,强调了碳酸盐微团聚的影响。应用了微聚集体和大体化学分析以及扫描电子显微镜的方法。结果表明,使用 FW 和 TWW 灌溉对土壤的微形态模式有不同的影响。在用 FW 灌溉的土壤中,尤其是在粘土质 Vertisol 中,发生了显着的成土方解石形成。FW 似乎是土壤中 HCO3− 和 Ca2+ 的主要来源。方解石-粘土微团聚体的形成,在尺寸(20-200 µm)和稳定性方面扩大和农艺学上最佳,将有利于土壤结构并增强其土壤过滤能力,有利于重质地 Vertisol、Terra rossa 和 Loessial 干旱棕色土壤。在用 TWW 灌溉的土壤中,观察到初级结晶碳酸盐的部分溶解和随后以方解石微结节形式沉淀的亚稳态无定形碳酸盐。这将提高轻质沙质土壤的保水能力。此外,在 TWW 灌溉的 Vertisol 和 Loessial 干旱棕色土壤中发现了一种不寻常的环状 CaCO3 微缩模型,可能是在溶解有机质的作用下。将有益于土壤结构并增强其土壤过滤能力,具有有利于重质地 Vertisol、Terra rossa 和 Loessial 干旱棕色土壤的特性。在用 TWW 灌溉的土壤中,观察到初级结晶碳酸盐的部分溶解和随后以方解石微结节形式的亚稳态无定形碳酸盐的沉淀。这将提高轻质沙质土壤的保水能力。此外,在 TWW 灌溉的 Vertisol 和 Loessial 干旱棕色土壤中发现了一种不寻常的环状 CaCO3 微缩模型,可能是在溶解有机质的作用下。将有益于土壤结构并增强其土壤过滤能力,具有有利于重质地 Vertisol、Terra rossa 和 Loessial 干旱棕色土壤的特性。在用 TWW 灌溉的土壤中,观察到初级结晶碳酸盐的部分溶解和随后以方解石微结节形式沉淀的亚稳态无定形碳酸盐。这将提高轻质沙质土壤的保水能力。此外,在 TWW 灌溉的 Vertisol 和 Loessial 干旱棕色土壤中发现了一种不寻常的环状 CaCO3 微缩模型,可能是在溶解有机质的作用下。观察到初级结晶碳酸盐的部分溶解和随后亚稳态无定形碳酸盐以方解石微结节的形式沉淀。这将提高轻质沙质土壤的保水能力。此外,在 TWW 灌溉的 Vertisol 和 Loessial 干旱棕色土壤中发现了一种不寻常的环状 CaCO3 微缩模型,可能是在溶解有机质的作用下。观察到初级结晶碳酸盐的部分溶解和随后亚稳态无定形碳酸盐以方解石微结节的形式沉淀。这将提高轻质沙质土壤的保水能力。此外,在 TWW 灌溉的 Vertisol 和 Loessial 干旱棕色土壤中发现了一种不寻常的环状 CaCO3 微缩模型,可能是在溶解有机质的作用下。
更新日期:2020-07-01
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