Hundreds of experiments involving genotyping and phenotyping of the plants are planned daily by plant researchers worldwide for wheat improvement. There are a plethora of molecular markers available that are being widely used in wheat genetic studies but have their own limitations. Developments in the areas of next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics applications have aided in the development of SNP-based markers. SNP-based assays have revolutionized the method of genotyping as these consume less time and have high accuracy and effectiveness. Among the SNP genotyping platforms, kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) assay is a promising technology for high throughput SNP genotyping which is based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) method. KASP genotyping mainly involves two allele-specific forward primers, one common reverse primer and FRET cassettes which results in the identification of respective alleles having a particular SNP or InDel. It is playing a significant role in performing various genetic studies such as genetic diversity analysis, genome-wide association studies and marker assisted selection in wheat. In this review, for the first time, we attempt to give an overview of the KASP assays developed for various biotic and abiotic stresses, agronomic, physiological and quality traits for wheat improvement and the assays developed for genetic diversity analysis and genotyping by sequencing.

中文翻译：

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KASP技术在小麦改良中的应用

全世界的植物研究人员每天都计划进行数百项涉及植物基因分型和表型分析的实验，以改进小麦。有大量可用的分子标记被广泛用于小麦遗传研究，但都有其自身的局限性。下一代测序和生物信息学应用领域的发展有助于开发基于 SNP 的标记。基于 SNP 的检测已经彻底改变了基因分型的方法，因为它们消耗的时间更少，并且具有很高的准确性和有效性。在 SNP 基因分型平台中，竞争性等位基因特异性 PCR (KASP) 测定是基于荧光共振能量转移 (FRET) 方法的高通量 SNP 基因分型的有前途的技术。KASP 基因分型主要涉及两个等位基因特异性正向引物，一种常见的反向引物和 FRET 盒，可识别具有特定 SNP 或 InDel 的各个等位基因。它在小麦的遗传多样性分析、全基因组关联研究和标记辅助选择等各种遗传研究中发挥着重要作用。在这篇综述中，我们首次尝试概述针对各种生物和非生物胁迫、农艺、生理和小麦改良品质性状开发的 KASP 分析，以及通过测序开发的用于遗传多样性分析和基因分型的分析。小麦全基因组关联研究和标记辅助选择。在这篇综述中，我们首次尝试概述针对各种生物和非生物胁迫、农艺、生理和小麦改良品质性状开发的 KASP 分析，以及通过测序开发的用于遗传多样性分析和基因分型的分析。全基因组关联研究和标记辅助选择小麦。在这篇综述中，我们首次尝试概述针对各种生物和非生物胁迫、农艺、生理和小麦改良品质性状开发的 KASP 分析，以及通过测序开发的用于遗传多样性分析和基因分型的分析。