The satellites that have been designed to support the monitoring of fossil fuel CO2 emissions aim to systematically measure atmospheric CO2 plumes generated by intense emissions from large cities, power plants and industrial sites. These data can be assimilated into atmospheric transport models in order to estimate the corresponding emissions. However, plumes emitted by cities and powerplants contain not only fossil fuel CO2 but also significant amounts of CO2 released by human respiration and by the burning of biofuels. We show that these amounts represent a significant proportion of the fossil fuel CO2 emissions, up to 40% for instance in cities of Nordic countries, and will thus leave some ambiguity in the retrieval of fossil fuel CO2 emissions from satellite concentration observations. Auxiliary information such as biofuel use statistics and radiocarbon measurement could help reduce the ambiguity and improve the framework of monitoring fossil fuel CO2 emissions from space.

中文翻译：

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生物燃料燃烧和人类呼吸对化石燃料二氧化碳排放的卫星估计的偏见

旨在支持化石燃料二氧化碳排放监测的卫星旨在系统地测量大城市、发电厂和工业场所的剧烈排放所产生的大气二氧化碳羽流。这些数据可以同化到大气传输模型中，以估计相应的排放量。然而，城市和发电厂排放的羽流不仅含有化石燃料二氧化碳，还含有大量由人类呼吸和生物燃料燃烧释放的二氧化碳。我们表明，这些数量占化石燃料 CO2 排放量的很大一部分，例如在北欧国家的城市中高达 40%，因此在从卫星浓度观测中检索化石燃料 CO2 排放量时会留下一些模糊性。