Pulsar timing observations precisely test general relativity. Recently, the hierarchical triple system PSR J0337+1715 has placed new constraints on the existence of a fifth force from violation in the strong equivalence principle. Many alternative gravity theories exist with massive (pseudo-)scalar fields to explain a variety of phenomena from the accelerating expansion of the universe at large scales to the QCD strong CP problem at small scales. We here develop a generic formalism for the fifth force effect in theories involving massive scalar fields arising from e.g. string theory. With PSR J0337 measurements, we find the strongest bound on the simplest theory with a massive scalar field beyond general relativity and derive new constraints in other theories with axions, dark matter mediators, and higher-curvature corrections. These results show that the triple system J0337 provides a stringent test for massive scalar fields.

中文翻译：

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从恒星三重系统中的脉冲星探测大量标量场

脉冲星计时观测精确地检验了广义相对论。最近，分层三元系统 PSR J0337+1715 对强等效原理中违反第五力的存在提出了新的限制。许多替代引力理论存在大量（伪）标量场，以解释从大尺度宇宙加速膨胀到小尺度 QCD 强 CP 问题的各种现象。我们在此为涉及从弦理论产生的大量标量场的理论中的第五力效应发展了一般形式。通过 PSR J0337 测量，我们找到了最简单理论的最强界限，具有超越广义相对论的大量标量场，并在其他具有轴子、暗物质介体和更高曲率校正的理论中得出了新的约束。