With the development of wireless technology, various emerging mobile applications are attracting significant attention and drastically changing our daily lives. Applications such as augmented reality and object recognition demand stringent delay and powerful processing capability, which exerts enormous pressure on mobile devices with limited resources and energy. In this article, a survey of techniques for mobile device energy optimization is presented in a hierarchy of device design and operation, computation offloading, wireless data transmission, and cloud execution of offloaded computation. Energy management strategies for mobile devices from hardware and software aspects are first discussed, followed by energy-efficient computation offloading frameworks for mobile applications that trade application response time for device energy consumption. Then, techniques for efficient wireless data communication to reduce transmission energy are summarized. Finally, the execution mechanisms of application components or tasks in various clouds are further described to provide energy-saving opportunities for mobile devices. We classify the research works based on key characteristics of devices and applications to emphasize their similarities and differences. We hope that this survey will give insights to researchers into energy management mechanisms on mobile devices, and emphasize the crucial importance of optimizing device energy consumption for more research efforts in this area.

中文翻译：

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移动边缘计算的分层能量优化综述

随着无线技术的发展，各种新兴的移动应用程序正在引起人们的极大关注，并极大地改变了我们的日常生活。增强现实和物体识别等应用需要严格的延迟和强大的处理能力，这给资源和能源有限的移动设备带来了巨大的压力。在本文中，在设备设计和操作、计算卸载、无线数据传输和卸载计算的云执行的层次结构中介绍了移动设备能量优化技术的调查。首先从硬件和软件方面讨论移动设备的能源管理策略，然后讨论用于移动应用程序的节能计算卸载框架，该框架以应用程序响应时间换取设备能源消耗。然后，总结了用于有效无线数据通信以减少传输能量的技术。最后，进一步描述各种云中应用程序组件或任务的执行机制，为移动设备提供节能机会。我们根据设备和应用程序的关键特征对研究工作进行分类，以强调它们的异同。我们希望这项调查能够让研究人员深入了解移动设备的能源管理机制，并强调优化设备能源消耗对于该领域更多研究工作的至关重要性。进一步描述了各种云中应用程序组件或任务的执行机制，为移动设备提供节能机会。我们根据设备和应用程序的关键特征对研究工作进行分类，以强调它们的异同。我们希望这项调查能够让研究人员深入了解移动设备的能源管理机制，并强调优化设备能源消耗对于该领域更多研究工作的至关重要性。进一步描述了各种云中应用程序组件或任务的执行机制，为移动设备提供节能机会。我们根据设备和应用程序的关键特征对研究工作进行分类，以强调它们的异同。我们希望这项调查能够让研究人员深入了解移动设备的能源管理机制，并强调优化设备能源消耗对于该领域更多研究工作的至关重要性。