Background. Enteroviruses (EVs) can cause infections and outbreaks of mild to severe diseases, such as central nervous system (CNS) and systemic infections. The contribution of EVs to acute CNS/systemic infections requiring hospitalization was assessed by analysing data extracted from virology laboratory database. Methods. Real-life data obtained from two molecular virology laboratories located in Northern Italy were retrieved from databases and analysed retrospectively. The queries used to extract the data were (i) requests for EV-RNA detection in clear cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens collected from hospitalized patients with suspected acute CNS (including aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, and acute flaccid myelitis/paralysis) or systemic infections (sepsis-like illness or fever (≥ 38°C) of unknown origin), (ii) CSF samples collected from January 1st, 2015, to December 31st, 2017. Results. 582 requests of EV-RNA detection in CSF samples collected from as many patients of any age were recorded. EV-RNA was detected in 4.5% of the CSF samples; 92.3% of EV-positive cases were , 58.3% of whom were < 3 months. EVs circulated all-year-round, and the highest EV-positive rates were observed from May to August. The risk of EV infection and the relative illness ratio value among were significantly higher than those observed for older patients. Conclusions. EV surveillance should be carried out for all pediatric and especially children less than 1 year of age with clinically suspected CNS infection/systemic infections. The implementation of a laboratory-based surveillance established for analysing the virological data provided by laboratories that routinely perform EV molecular testing may enable us to determine the impact of EVs that can cause infections requiring hospitalization.

中文翻译：

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肠道病毒对意大利北部急性中枢神经系统或全身感染的贡献（2015-2017）：是时候建立基于国家实验室的监测系统了吗？

背景。肠道病毒 (EV) 可引起轻度至重度疾病的感染和爆发，例如中枢神经系统 (CNS) 和全身感染。通过分析从病毒学实验室数据库中提取的数据，评估了 EV 对需要住院治疗的急性中枢神经系统/全身感染的贡献。方法. 从位于意大利北部的两个分子病毒学实验室获得的真实数据从数据库中检索并进行回顾性分析。用于提取数据的查询是 (i) 从疑似急性 CNS（包括无菌性脑膜炎、脑炎和急性弛缓性脊髓炎/麻痹）或全身感染的住院患者收集的透明脑脊液 (CSF) 标本中检测 EV-RNA 的请求（不明原因的败血症或发烧（≥ 38°C）），(ii) 2015 年 1 月 1 日至 2017 年 12 月 31 日收集的脑脊液样本。结果。记录了从尽可能多的任何年龄的患者收集的 CSF 样本中的 582 项 EV-RNA 检测请求。在 4.5% 的 CSF 样本中检测到 EV-RNA；92.3% 的 EV 阳性病例是,其中 58.3% 小于 3 个月。EV 全年流通，5 月至 8 月观察到 EV 阳性率最高。EV感染风险及相对患病率值显着高于老年患者的观察值。结论。应对所有儿科患者进行 EV 监测尤其是 1 岁以下临床疑似 CNS 感染/全身感染的儿童。为分析常规进行 EV 分子检测的实验室提供的病毒学数据而建立的基于实验室的监测的实施，可能使我们能够确定 EV 的影响，这些可能导致需要住院治疗的感染。