We live in a research era marked by impressive new tools powering the scientific method to accelerate the discovery, prediction, and control of increasingly complex systems. In common with many disciplines and societal challenges and opportunities, materials and condensed matter sciences are beneficiaries. The volume and fidelity of experimental, computational, and visualization data available, and tools to rapidly interpret them, are remarkable. Conceptual frameworks, including multiscale, multiphysics modeling of this complexity, are fueled by the data and, in turn, guide directions for future experimental and computational strategies. In this spirit, I discuss the importance of competing interactions, length scales, and constraints as pervasive sources of spatiotemporal complexity. I use representative examples drawn from materials and condensed matter, including the important role of elasticity in some technologically important quantum materials. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Materials Research, Volume 50 is July 1, 2020. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

中文翻译：

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来自竞争相互作用和长度尺度的多尺度图案化

我们生活在一个以令人印象深刻的新工具为标志的研究时代，这些工具为科学方法提供动力，以加速对日益复杂的系统的发现、预测和控制。与许多学科和社会挑战和机遇一样，材料和凝聚态科学是受益者。可用的实验、计算和可视化数据的数量和保真度，以及快速解释它们的工具，都非常出色。概念框架，包括这种复杂性的多尺度、多物理建模，由数据推动，反过来，指导未来实验和计算策略的方向。本着这种精神，我讨论了竞争性相互作用、长度尺度和约束作为时空复杂性的普遍来源的重要性。我使用了从材料和凝聚态中提取的代表性例子，包括弹性在一些技术上重要的量子材料中的重要作用。《材料研究年度评论》第 50 卷的预计最终在线出版日期为 2020 年 7 月 1 日。请参阅 http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates 了解修订后的估计。