Economic and environmental concerns limit peat use for substrate production, promoting interest in alternative materials. Hence, in this study, 16 substrates were obtained by mixing, in a factorial combination, eight substrates with different ratios of peat, rice hulls (RH), and anaerobic digestion residues (ADR) and two types of RH: whole (WRH) or ground RH (GRH). Substrates were physically and chemically characterized and then tested as potting substrates for Pelargonium peltatum ‘Ville de Paris’ and Rosa × hybrida ‘La Sevillana’ production. Physical characteristics worsened the increasing RH content. This problem was partly solved using GRH and adding ADR to the substrates. As for chemical characteristics, RH increased P and K, reducing cation exchange capacity, NO₃-N, and Ca, thus causing a possible nutritional imbalance. ADR addition increased all nutrients, restoring the nutritional balance. Geranium and rose plants were negatively affected by an increasing rate of RH. In both species, the use of GRH improved the considered parameters, whereas ADR improved some parameters but only in geranium. It was possible to partly substitute peat with 33% RH, but GRH plus ADR is necessary for geranium production, and facultative for rose. The multiple regression method and principal component analysis appear to be useful tools to understand which substrate parameters, and to what extent, influence the growth of ornamental plants.

中文翻译：

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稻壳和厌氧消化残渣作为天竺葵和玫瑰盆栽生产的底物成分

经济和环境问题限制了泥炭在基材生产中的使用，从而引起了人们对替代材料的兴趣。因此，在这项研究中，通过以因子分解方式混合八个比例不同的泥炭，稻壳（RH）和厌氧消化残渣（ADR）和两种RH：整体（WRH）或RH的基质，获得了16种基质。地面RH（GRH）。对基质进行了物理和化学表征，然后作为天竺葵“ Ville de Paris”和Rosa×hybrida “ La Sevillana”生产的盆栽基质进行了测试。物理特性使相对湿度增加。使用GRH并在基板上添加ADR可以部分解决此问题。在化学特性方面，RH增加了P和K，降低了阳离子交换能力，NO ₃-N和Ca，因此可能导致营养失衡。ADR的添加增加了所有养分，恢复了营养平衡。天竺葵和玫瑰植物受到相对湿度增加的不利影响。在两个物种中，使用GRH均改善了所考虑的参数，而ADR改善了某些参数，但仅在天竺葵中有所改善。可以用33％的相对湿度代替部分泥炭，但GRH加ADR对于天竺葵的生产是必需的，而玫瑰对玫瑰是有利的。多元回归方法和主成分分析似乎是了解哪些底物参数以及在多大程度上影响观赏植物生长的有用工具。