Antiviral innate immunity works as the first line of host defense against viral infection. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and adaptor proteins involved in the innate immune signaling pathways play critical roles in controlling viral infections via the induction of type I interferon and its downstream interferon-stimulated genes. Dynamic changes of adaptor proteins contribute to precise regulation of the activation and shut-off of signaling transduction, though numerous complex processes are involved in achieving dynamic changes to various proteins of the host and viruses. In this review, we will summarize recent progress on the trafficking patterns and conformational transitions of the adaptors that are involved in the antiviral innate immune signaling pathway during viral DNA sensing. Moreover, we aim to dissect the relationships between protein dynamics and DNA-sensing antiviral innate immune responses, which will reveal the underlying mechanisms controlling protein activity and maintaining cell homeostasis. By comprehensively revealing protein dynamics in cytosolic DNA-sensing antiviral innate immune signaling pathways, we will be able to identify potential new targets for the therapies of certain autoimmune diseases.

抗病毒先天免疫是宿主抵抗病毒感染的第一道防线。固有免疫信号通路中涉及的模式识别受体（PRR）和衔接蛋白通过诱导I型干扰素及其下游干扰素刺激的基因在控制病毒感染中起着关键作用。衔接子蛋白的动态变化有助于精确调节信号转导的激活和关闭，尽管实现宿主和病毒各种蛋白的动态变化涉及许多复杂的过程。在这篇综述中，我们将总结病毒DNA感测过程中涉及抗病毒先天免疫信号通路的衔接子的运输模式和构象转变的最新进展。此外，我们旨在剖析蛋白质动力学与DNA感应抗病毒先天免疫反应之间的关系，这将揭示控制蛋白质活性和维持细胞稳态的潜在机制。通过全面揭示感知细胞质DNA的抗病毒先天免疫信号通路中的蛋白质动力学，我们将能够确定某些自身免疫性疾病治疗的潜在新靶标。