Fungi are ubiquitous eukaryotic micro‐organisms present in virtually all environmental habitats. Although rarely pathogenic to the healthy population, many fungal species are capable of causing human disease in immunocompromised individuals. Thus, fungal infections remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, with rising prevalence accompanying the worldwide increase in immunosuppression‐based therapies. Therefore, better understanding of the mutual interactions between the protective host mechanisms and the invading fungi remains of critical importance. The innate immune system constitutes the first line of defence against exogenous insults. The innate antifungal immunity is mediated through recognition of specific pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by a broad panel of host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), responsible for mounting adequate protective responses. In this review, we describe fungal PAMPs as well as a selection of PRRs able to recognize them. We focus on the members of the fibrinogen‐related domain (FReD) protein family that have been shown to recognize fungi‐derived molecules: ficolins, fibrinogen C domain containing 1 (FIBCD1) and tenascin‐C. We describe their structure, their binding targets and their established as well as putative biological functions related to fungal recognition and immunity.

中文翻译：

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哺乳动物纤维蛋白原相关蛋白的真菌识别。

真菌是几乎所有环境栖息地中普遍存在的真核微生物。尽管对健康人群很少致病，但许多真菌物种却能够在免疫受损的个体中引起人类疾病。因此，真菌感染仍然是发病率和死亡率的重要原因，随着全球范围内基于免疫抑制疗法的增加，感染率也在上升。因此，更好地了解保护性宿主机制与入侵真菌之间的相互作用是至关重要的。天生的免疫系统构成了抵御外来伤害的第一道防线。通过广泛的宿主模式识别受体（PRR）对特定病原体相关分子模式（PAMP）的识别来介导先天性抗真菌免疫力，负责采取适当的保护措施。在这篇综述中，我们描述了真菌PAMP以及能够识别它们的PRR的选择。我们专注于已证明可识别真菌衍生分子的纤维蛋白原相关域（FReD）蛋白家族的成员：纤维蛋白素，含有1的纤维蛋白原C域（FIBCD1）和腱糖蛋白C。我们描述了它们的结构，它们的结合靶标以及它们的建立以及与真菌识别和免疫有关的推定生物学功能。