BACKGROUND Phytosterols are plant components with health benefits. Oleaginous seed hybridization can be relevant to increase phytosterols in diet through enriched oils. Sunflower oils obtained by press (PO) and subsequent solvent extraction (SO) from three types of phytosterol-enriched seeds were characterized. One presented a phytosterol composition of common sunflower seeds, whereas the others were rich in Campesterol and Δ7-Estigmastenol, respectively. Seeds from two different harvests, 2015 and 2017, were studied. RESULTS The type of extraction did not have a significant influence on the fatty acid (FA) composition. However, considerable differences were found between harvests. The oleic-to-linoleic ratio decreased from 0.71 in 2015 to 0.47 in 2017. The phytosterol compositions of the PO were similar to their SO homologues and no substantial differences were found between harvests. However, the SO presented higher total contents of phytosterols (4849-9249 mg kg-1 ) than the PO (2839-5284 mg kg-1 ) and the oils of 2017 showed higher levels (4476-9249 mg kg-1 ) compared to 2015 (2839-5754 mg kg-1 ). Unlike phytosterols, no significant differences were found in the tocopherol contents between the PO and SO or between harvests. The PO met Codex specifications for edible oils, except for trace metals, with concentrations close or above the limits for Cu, Fe, Pb and As. CONCLUSION Differences in environmental and/or cultivation conditions between harvests may result in substantial differences in the FA composition and phytosterol content in oils from the new sunflower seeds. Rigorous measures and controls to avoid metal-trace contamination are required so that the PO can be considered edible virgin oils. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

中文翻译：

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从具有改性植物甾醇组合物的新葵花籽中压榨和溶剂提取油的表征

背景植物甾醇是具有健康益处的植物成分。含油种子杂交可能与通过富含油增加饮食中的植物甾醇有关。对通过压榨 (PO) 和随后的溶剂提取 (SO) 从三种富含植物甾醇的种子中获得的向日葵油进行了表征。一个提出了常见向日葵种子的植物甾醇成分，而其他分别富含菜油甾醇和 Δ7-Estigmastenol。研究了 2015 年和 2017 年两种不同收获的种子。结果 提取类型对脂肪酸 (FA) 组成没有显着影响。然而，收获之间发现了相当大的差异。油酸与亚油酸的比率从 2015 年的 0.71 下降到 2017 年的 0.47。PO 的植物甾醇组成与其 SO 同系物相似，收获之间没有发现实质性差异。然而，SO 的植物甾醇总含量 (4849-9249 mg kg-1 ) 比 PO (2839-5284 mg kg-1 ) 更高，2017 年的油显示出更高的水平 (4476-9249 mg kg-1 ) 2015 (2839-5754 mg kg-1)。与植物甾醇不同，PO 和 SO 之间或收获之间的生育酚含量没有发现显着差异。除痕量金属外，PO 符合 Codex 食用油的规格，其浓度接近或高于 Cu、Fe、Pb 和 As 的限值。结论 收获之间环境和/或栽培条件的差异可能导致新葵花籽油中 FA 组成和植物甾醇含量的显着差异。需要采取严格的措施和控制措施来避免金属痕量污染，以便将 PO 视为可食用的初榨油。本文受版权保护。版权所有。