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Relative importance of surface air temperature and density to interannual variations in monthly surface atmospheric pressure
International Journal of Climatology ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-02 , DOI: 10.1002/joc.6730 Er Lu 1 , Juqing Tu 1
International Journal of Climatology ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-02 , DOI: 10.1002/joc.6730 Er Lu 1 , Juqing Tu 1
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The spatial inhomogeneity of air pressure drives the atmospheric circulation. The interannual variation of the pressure can be affected by both air temperature and density. The goal of this study is to identify, for the near‐surface air, whether the variation of the density or temperature is more important in the interannual variation of the pressure. The physical relation of the pressure (P) with density (D) and temperature (T), denoted as P = D ⋅ T for simplicity, is nonlinear. To be convenient for estimating the relative importance, a normalized linear regression is used to fit the relation, which is finally written as P = AD + BT. Tests show that the linear fitting is robust; it is perfect everywhere in the globe. Because of the normalizations, the D and T are in magnitude of 1, but can be positive or negative. Derivations and calculations indicate that the coefficients A and B are both positive. What they reflect are the partial correlations of the pressure with the D and T, which are both equal to 1 across the entire field. For the normalized fitting, the A and B can be used to estimate the contributions of the D and T to the variation of the pressure. The linear fitting method can provide quantitative results for the dominance. The original nonlinear relation, due to the special form for the issue, can be used to qualitatively deduce the dominance. Comparisons suggest that the results obtained from the linear fitting are consistent with those qualitatively reached from the nonlinear physical relation. The consistency is true, no matter what the relation is between the two influencing factors. Corresponding to the negative relation between the density and temperature, there are two patterns. One is that the pressure increases with density but decreases with temperature. In this case, density dominates the variation of pressure. The second is that the pressure increases with temperature but decreases with density, and thus temperature dominates the variation of pressure. The third pattern is for the positive relation between density and temperature. In this case, density and temperature both have positive contributions to the variation of pressure, and which of them is more important can further be assessed with the linear fitting method.
中文翻译：
地表温度和密度对月表大气压年际变化的相对重要性
气压的空间不均匀性驱动大气循环。压力的年际变化可能受空气温度和密度的影响。这项研究的目的是确定近地表空气密度或温度的变化在压力的年际变化中是否更为重要。的压力（的物理关系P）与密度（d）和温度（Ť），表示为P = d ⋅ Ť为简单起见，是非线性的。为了方便估计相对重要性，使用归一化线性回归拟合该关系，最终将其写为P = AD + BT。测试表明，线性拟合具有鲁棒性。它在全球各地都很完美。由于归一化， D和T的大小为1，但可以为正或负。推导和计算表明系数A和B均为正。它们反映的是压力与D和T的局部相关性，它们在整个场中都等于1。对于归一化拟合，可以使用A和B来估计D和T的贡献压力的变化。线性拟合方法可以为优势度提供定量结果。由于问题的特殊形式，原始的非线性关系可以用来定性地推论主导地位。比较表明，从线性拟合获得的结果与从非线性物理关系定性获得的结果一致。无论两个影响因素之间的关系如何，一致性都是正确的。与密度和温度之间的负关系相对应，有两种模式。一种是压力随密度增加而随温度降低。在这种情况下，密度决定了压力的变化。第二个是压力随温度增加而随密度减小，因此温度主导着压力的变化。第三种模式是密度和温度之间的正相关关系。在这种情况下，密度和温度都对压力的变化有积极的影响，并且可以通过线性拟合方法进一步评估其中哪个更重要。
更新日期：2020-07-02
中文翻译：
地表温度和密度对月表大气压年际变化的相对重要性
气压的空间不均匀性驱动大气循环。压力的年际变化可能受空气温度和密度的影响。这项研究的目的是确定近地表空气密度或温度的变化在压力的年际变化中是否更为重要。的压力（的物理关系P）与密度（d）和温度（Ť），表示为P = d ⋅ Ť为简单起见，是非线性的。为了方便估计相对重要性，使用归一化线性回归拟合该关系，最终将其写为P = AD + BT。测试表明，线性拟合具有鲁棒性。它在全球各地都很完美。由于归一化， D和T的大小为1，但可以为正或负。推导和计算表明系数A和B均为正。它们反映的是压力与D和T的局部相关性，它们在整个场中都等于1。对于归一化拟合，可以使用A和B来估计D和T的贡献压力的变化。线性拟合方法可以为优势度提供定量结果。由于问题的特殊形式，原始的非线性关系可以用来定性地推论主导地位。比较表明，从线性拟合获得的结果与从非线性物理关系定性获得的结果一致。无论两个影响因素之间的关系如何，一致性都是正确的。与密度和温度之间的负关系相对应，有两种模式。一种是压力随密度增加而随温度降低。在这种情况下，密度决定了压力的变化。第二个是压力随温度增加而随密度减小，因此温度主导着压力的变化。第三种模式是密度和温度之间的正相关关系。在这种情况下，密度和温度都对压力的变化有积极的影响，并且可以通过线性拟合方法进一步评估其中哪个更重要。
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