Thread has become a promising substrate for non-invasive wearable sensor. Herein, we create a modified cotton thread-based colorimetric sensor for non-invasive and simultaneous detection of glucose and urea excreted from human sweat. Cellulose nanofiber/chitosan-graphene oxide was selected to modify the cotton thread surfaces for enhancing of enzymatic immobilization efficiency and sensor performance. The modified thread surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This sensing platform exhibits a linear range of 0.1–3 mM with a detection limit of 0.1 mM for glucose and a linear range of 30–180 mM with a detection limit of 30 mM for urea. Interestingly, this colorimetric sensor can determine the cut-off levels for both glucose (0.3 mM) and urea (65 mM) in human sweat, thus it can effectively distinguish between normal and abnormal people. Due to the thread flexibility nature, this sensor can be readily integrated with the clothes and accessories for real-time and continuous monitoring of diabetes and kidney failure from the wearer’s sweat. This platform might open a new road for blood-free diagnosis in healthcare applications.

线程已成为非侵入性可穿戴传感器的有希望的基础。在本文中，我们创建了一种基于棉线的比色传感器，用于非侵入式同时检测从人体汗液中排出的葡萄糖和尿素。选择纤维素纳米纤维/壳聚糖-氧化石墨烯来修饰棉线表面，以增强酶固定效率和传感器性能。通过扫描电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱表征改性的线表面。该传感平台的线性范围为0.1–3 mM，葡萄糖的检出限为0.1 mM，线性范围为30–180 mM，尿素的检出限为30 mM。有趣的是，该比色传感器可以确定人类汗液中葡萄糖（0.3 mM）和尿素（65 mM）的截止水平，因此可以有效地区分正常人和异常人。由于具有螺纹柔韧性，该传感器可以轻松地与衣服和配件集成在一起，以实时，连续地监测穿戴者出汗后的糖尿病和肾功能衰竭。该平台可能为医疗应用中的无血诊断开辟一条新道路。