The hot working behaviour of additively manufactured Ti–6Al–4V pre-forms by Electron Beam Melting (EBM) has been studied at temperatures of 1000–1200 °C and strain rates of 0.001–1 s⁻¹. As a reference, a wrought Ti–6Al–4V alloy was also analyzed as same as the EBM one. In order to investigate the hot working behaviour of these samples, all the data evaluations were carried out step by step, and the stepwise procedure was discussed. No localized strain as a consequence of shear band formation was found in the samples after the hot compression. The flow stress curves of all the samples showed peak stress at low strains, followed by a regime of flow softening with a near-steady-state flow at large strains. Interestingly, it is found that the initial microstructure and porosity content as well as the chemistry of material (e.g. oxygen content) as being possible contributors to the lower level of flow stress that could be beneficial from the industrial point of view. The flow softening mechanism(s) were discussed in detail using the microstructure of the specimens before and after the hot deformation. Dynamic Recrystalization (DRX) could also explain the gentle oscillation in the appearance of the flow softening curves of the EBM samples. Moreover, the hot working analysis indicated that the activation energy for hot deformation of as-built EBM Ti–6Al–4V alloy was calculated as ~193.25 kJ/mol, which was much lower than the wrought alloy (229.34 kJ/mol). These findings can shed lights on a new integration of metal Additive Manufacturing (AM) and thermomechanical processing. It is very interesting to highlight that through this new integration, it would be possible to reduce the forging steps and save more energy and materials with respect to the conventional routes.

已经研究了在1000–1200°C的温度和0.001–1 s ^-1的应变率下通过电子束熔化（EBM）增材制造的Ti-6Al-4V预成型件的热加工行为。。作为参考，还对变形的Ti-6Al-4V合金与EBM合金进行了分析。为了研究这些样品的热加工行为，对所有数据进行了逐步评估，并讨论了逐步进行的程序。热压缩后，在样品中未发现由于剪切带形成而导致的局部应变。所有样品的流动应力曲线在低应变时显示峰值应力，然后在大应变时出现流软化状态，并具有接近稳态的流动。有趣的是，发现初始的微观结构和孔隙率含量以及材料的化学性质（例如，氧含量）可能是导致较低水平的流动应力的原因，这从工业的角度来看可能是有益的。使用热变形前后的试样微观结构详细讨论了流动软化机理。动态再结晶（DRX）也可以解释EBM样品的流动软化曲线外观中的平缓振荡。此外，热加工分析表明，经加工的EBM Ti-6Al-4V合金的热变形活化能为〜193.25 kJ / mol，远低于锻造合金（229.34 kJ / mol）。这些发现可以为金属增材制造（AM）和热机械加工的新集成提供启发。很有意思的是，通过这种新的集成，与传统路线相比，可以减少锻造步骤并节省更多的能源和材料。