Abstract Zinc and lead smelting slags from Ruda Śląska are unique in their chemistry and phase composition, which resemble rare natural rocks such as paralavas and melilitolites. Moreover, considering its size, we can treat a pyrometallurgical slag dump as a geological body. In slags from Ruda Śląska the assemblage melilite ± pseudowollastonite ± wollastonite ± plagioclase was discovered in glassy slag. High-temperature experiments were performed to determine the temperature conditions and to reconstruct the crystallization of such an assemblage. Two slag samples were subjected to complete melting and crystallization with controlled thermal gradients of: 53.25 °C/h, 15.20 °C/h and 7.60 °C/h. The results showed that crystal nucleation started at temperatures of 1250-1300 °C depending on the fluctuations of chemical composition. In both samples the thermal gradient only partly influenced the phase differentiation, being rather responsible for the disappearance of the primary glass. Moreover, even slight differences in chemical composition resulted in changes in phase assemblages under the same temperature conditions (mll + gls vs pwol+pl + mll + gls). It was proven that it is due to the combination of undercooling conditions and solidus dependences in the akermanite – gehlenite solid solution. The occurrence of such phenomena should be considered in natural rocks with similar composition. In the case of the Ruda Śląska slags it explains the dominance of glassy slag in that location. The experiments gave us an opportunity to observe and precisely analyze crystallization in real time, providing new insights into the creation of slags and their natural analogues. However, the study has also shown that possible variations of the original crystallization should always be assessed.

中文翻译：

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来自波兰 Ruda Śląska 的矿渣作为稀有天然岩石结晶的大型实验室：Melilitolites 和 paralavas

摘要 Ruda Śląska 的锌、铅冶炼渣在化学性质和相组成上是独一无二的，类似于稀有的天然岩石，如帕拉拉瓦和黄长石。此外，考虑到它的大小，我们可以将火法炼渣场视为地质体。在 Ruda Śląska 的炉渣中，在玻璃渣中发现了黄长石 ± 假硅灰石 ± 硅灰石 ± 斜长石的组合。进行了高温实验以确定温度条件并重建这种组合的结晶。两个炉渣样品以受控的热梯度进行完全熔化和结晶：53.25 °C/h、15.20 °C/h 和 7.60 °C/h。结果表明，根据化学成分的波动，晶体成核在 1250-1300 °C 的温度下开始。在这两个样品中，热梯度仅部分影响了相分化，而对原始玻璃的消失负有很大责任。此外，即使是化学成分的微小差异也会导致相同温度条件下相组合的变化（mll + gls vs pwol+pl + mll + gls）。事实证明，这是由于钙镁石-钙黄长石固溶体中的过冷条件和固相线依赖性的结合。在成分相似的天然岩石中应考虑这种现象的发生。在 Ruda Śląska 矿渣的情况下，它解释了玻璃渣在该位置的主导地位。这些实验让我们有机会实时观察和精确分析结晶，为炉渣及其天然类似物的产生提供新的见解。然而，