Abstract Governance arrangements directly influence decision making processes and the degree to which different stakeholder groups are engaged in planning, implementing, and receiving benefits from Forest and Landscape Restoration (FLR). Narrow institutional and agency mandates must be better aligned to permit new ways of governing landscapes that are centered on the needs and capacities of local stakeholders. This special issue highlights challenges and opportunities for governing FLR at different scales and under different contexts across a range of tropical and subtropical forest biomes. In this introductory paper, we explore common threads from diverse studies comprising the special issue to highlight key challenges for effective governance of FLR across many different contexts. We discuss enabling factors and conditions that can help to overcome deficiencies in governance processes and outcomes and illustrate how these conditions are linked to the six principles of FLR. We conclude by emphasizing several gaps in understanding how governance arrangements influence the planning, implementation and monitoring of FLR.

中文翻译：

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不同背景下管理森林和景观恢复的主要挑战

摘要 治理安排直接影响决策过程以及不同利益相关者群体参与规划、实施和从森林和景观恢复 (FLR) 中获益的程度。狭窄的机构和机构任务必须更好地结合起来，以允许以当地利益相关者的需求和能力为中心的新的景观治理方式。本期特刊重点介绍了在一系列热带和亚热带森林生物群落的不同规模和不同背景下管理 FLR 的挑战和机遇。在这篇介绍性论文中，我们探讨了包括特刊在内的各种研究的共同点，以突出在许多不同背景下有效治理 FLR 的关键挑战。我们讨论了有助于克服治理过程和结果中的缺陷的有利因素和条件，并说明这些条件如何与 FLR 的六项原则相关联。最后，我们强调在理解治理安排如何影响 FLR 的规划、实施和监测方面存在一些差距。