Virtual finite element human body models have been widely used in biomedical engineering, traffic safety injury analysis, etc. Soft tissue modeling like skeletal muscle accounts for a large portion of a human body model establishment, and its modeling method is not enough explored. The present study aims to investigate the compressive properties of skeletal muscles due to different species, loading rates and fiber orientations, in order to obtain available parameters of specific material laws as references for building or improving the human body model concerning both modeling accuracy and computational cost. A series of compressive experiments of skeletal muscles were implemented for human gastrocnemius muscle, bovine and porcine hind leg muscle. To avoid long-time preservation effects, all experimental tests were carried out in 24 h after that the samples were harvested. Considering computational cost and generally used in the previous human body models, one-order hyperelastic Ogden model and three-term simplified viscoelastic quasi-linear viscoelastic (QLV) were selected for numerical analysis. Inverse finite element analysis was employed to obtain corresponding material parameters. With good fitting records, the simulation results presented available material parameters for human body model establishment, and also indicated significant differences of muscle compressive properties due to species, loading rates and fiber orientations. When considering one-order Ogden law, it is worthy of noting that the inversed material parameters of the porcine muscles are similar to those of the human gastrocnemius regardless of fiber orientations. In conclusion, the obtained material parameters in the present study can be references for global human body and body segment modeling.

虚拟有限元人体模型已广泛用于生物医学工程，交通安全伤害分析等领域。诸如骨骼肌之类的软组织建模在人体模型的建立中占了很大一部分，其建模方法还没有得到足够的探索。本研究旨在研究由于不同物种，负荷率和纤维取向而引起的骨骼肌的压缩特性，以便获得特定材料法则的可用参数，以作为建立或改善涉及建模准确性和计算成本的人体模型的参考。 。对人腓肠肌，牛和猪后腿肌肉进行了一系列骨骼肌压缩实验。为避免长期保存效果，在收获样品后的24小时内进行所有实验测试。考虑到计算成本，通常在以前的人体模型中使用，选择一阶超弹性Ogden模型和三项简化的粘弹性准线性粘弹性（QLV）进行数值分析。逆有限元分析被用来获得相应的材料参数。通过良好的拟合记录，模拟结果为建立人体模型提供了可用的材料参数，并且还指出了由于物种，负载率和纤维方向而导致的肌肉压缩特性的显着差异。在考虑一阶奥格登定律时，值得注意的是，不管纤维的方向如何，猪肌肉的反向物质参数与人腓肠肌的物质参数相似。综上所述，本研究获得的物质参数可为整体人体和人体节段建模提供参考。