Currently, abdominal finite element models overlook the organs such as gallbladder, bladder, and intestines, which instead are modeled as a simple bag that is not included in the analysis. Further characterization of the material properties is required for researchers to include these organs into models. This study characterized the mechanical properties of human and porcine gallbladder, bladder, and intestines using uniaxial tension loading from the rates of 25%/s to 500%/s. Small differences were observed between human and porcine gallbladder elastic modulus, failure stress, and failure strain. Strain rate was determined to be a significant factor for predicting porcine gallbladder elastic modulus and failure stress which were found to be 9.03 MPa and 1.83 MPa at 500%/s. Human bladder was observed to be slightly stiffer with a slightly lower failure stress than porcine specimens. Both hosts, however, demonstrated a strain rate dependency with the elastic modulus and failure stress increasing as the rate increased with the highest elastic modulus (2.16 MPa) and failure stress (0.65 MPa) occurring at 500%/s. Both human and porcine intestines were observed to be affected by the strain rate. Failure stress was found to be 1.6 MPa and 1.42 MPa at 500%/s for the human and porcine intestines respectively. For all properties found to be strain rate dependent, a numerical model was created to quantify the impact. These results will enable researchers to create more detailed finite element models that include the gallbladder, bladder, and intestines.

目前，腹部有限元模型忽略了诸如胆囊，膀胱和肠等器官，而将其建模为分析中未包括的简单袋子。研究人员需要进一步表征材料的特性，以便将这些器官纳入模型。这项研究使用了从25％/ s到500％/ s的单轴张力负荷来表征人和猪的胆囊，膀胱和肠的机械性能。在人和猪胆囊的弹性模量，破坏应力和破坏应变之间观察到很小的差异。确定应变率是预测猪胆囊弹性模量和破坏应力的重要因素，在500％/ s时发现应变为9.03 MPa和1.83 MPa。与猪标本相比，观察到人膀胱稍硬一些，而其破坏应力略低。然而，这两个主体都表现出应变速率依赖性，其弹性模量和破坏应力随速率的增加而增加，最高弹性模量（2.16 MPa）和破坏应力（0.65 MPa）出现在500％/ s。观察到人和猪的肠都受应变率的影响。对于人和猪肠，在500％/ s时的失效应力分别为1.6 MPa和1.42 MPa。对于发现的所有特性均取决于应变率，创建了一个数值模型以量化影响。这些结果将使研究人员能够创建更详细的包括胆囊，膀胱和肠道的有限元模型。结果表明，应变率与弹性模量和破坏应力的相关性随应变率的增加而增加，最高弹性模量（2.16 MPa）和破坏应力（0.65 MPa）出现在500％/ s。观察到人和猪的肠都受应变率的影响。对于人和猪肠，在500％/ s时的失效应力分别为1.6 MPa和1.42 MPa。对于发现的所有特性均取决于应变率，创建了一个数值模型以量化影响。这些结果将使研究人员能够创建更详细的包括胆囊，膀胱和肠道的有限元模型。结果表明，应变率随弹性模量和破坏应力的增加而增加，并且在500％/ s时出现最高弹性模量（2.16 MPa）和破坏应力（0.65 MPa）。观察到人和猪肠均受应变率的影响。对于人和猪肠，在500％/ s时的失效应力分别为1.6 MPa和1.42 MPa。对于发现所有与应变率相关的特性，创建了一个数值模型以量化影响。这些结果将使研究人员能够创建更详细的包括胆囊，膀胱和肠道的有限元模型。观察到人和猪肠均受应变率的影响。对于人和猪，在500％/ s时，失效应力分别为1.6 MPa和1.42 MPa。对于发现的所有特性均取决于应变率，创建了一个数值模型以量化影响。这些结果将使研究人员能够创建更详细的包括胆囊，膀胱和肠道的有限元模型。观察到人和猪的肠都受应变率的影响。对于人和猪肠，在500％/ s时的失效应力分别为1.6 MPa和1.42 MPa。对于发现的所有特性均取决于应变率，创建了一个数值模型以量化影响。这些结果将使研究人员能够创建更详细的包括胆囊，膀胱和肠道的有限元模型。